Child Abuse and Capstone Project

Description of a Problem Parents as well as other caregivers take responsibility for treating their children, explaining them the most important living issues, describing them the peculiarities of love, support, and understanding, etc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse and Capstone Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is so easy to violate this kind of child’s trust to parents and the relations to the world in general in case child abuse takes place. Child abuse has a number of effects on a human life and the understanding of how people should behave, develop their abilities, and comprehend their duties and cause many behavior problems in a future (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, Herrenkohl, Russo, 2010). It is stated that about 1500 American children died because of domestic violence and abuse in 2011, and an unknown number of children continue experiencing serious traumas as a result of abuse and parental neglect (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Children are considered to be a considerable part of society, still, they suffer from abuse, and not many people are ready to underline the importance of this issue and offer effective solutions to this problem. It is not an easy task to recover from child abuse and trauma (Lemoncelli, 2012). People are in need of professional help and explanations of why child abuse may take place and what effects may be observed. Sousa, Herrenkohl, Moylan, Tajima, Klika, Herrenkohl, and Russo (2011) admit that child abuse as well as any other cases of domestic violence influence considerably children and their further development: children become less attached to their caregivers, demonstrate antisocial behavior when they are adolescents, and become the worsen examples for their own children or people around them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why the problem of child abuse remains to be crucial for analysis, as people have to understand its urgency and effects on human behavior. Justification of the Selection of a Problem Child mistreatment is an issue with a long history that has its roots during the times of the Roman Empire, when infanticide and child abandonment were frequent actions (Corby, Shemmings, Wilkins, 2012). Nowadays, people do not find these methods effective indeed and truly believe that they have evolved and achieved new levels of cooperation with children and new methods of education. However, these methods only seem to have some other forms, but the same meaning is still present. Parents may abuse their children, neglect their education, accept abortions, and even leave them, hoping that a society can take care of their children. Child abuse is an old problem with modern peculiarities and has to be discussed from various perspectives. Gloud, Clarke, Heim, Harvey, Majer, and Nemeroff’s investigation (2012) proves that child abuse may result in the changes of various cognitive functions and an emotional status of a child. The selection of the child abuse problem may be justified in a variety of ways as a necessity to inform people about possible threats of human development, which are based on child mistreatment. The above-mentioned studies and ideas have a number of limitations that depend on how the researchers organize their work, choose variables, and identify the scopes of their ideas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse and Capstone Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why it is necessary to consider the already known material about child abuse, its effects, and preventive methods and introduce some new perspectives to prove that the question of child abuse is still open using the statistics, real life examples, and theoretical arg uments. Reference List Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Child Maltreatment: Consequences. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ Corby, B., Shemmings, D., Wilkins, D. (2012). Child abuse: An evidence base for confident practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Gloud, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P.D., Majer, M., Nemeroff, C.B. (2012). The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(4), 500-506. Lemoncelli, J.J. (2012). Healing from childhood abuse: Understanding the effects, taking control to recover. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Moylan, C.A., Herrenkohl, T.I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E.A., Herrenkohl, R.C., Russo, M.J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Violence, 25(1), 53-63. Sousa, C., Herrenkohl, T.I., Moylan, C.A., Tajima, E.A., Klika, J.B., Herrenkohl, R.C., Russo,. M.J. ( 2011). Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(1), 111-136.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Child Abuse and Capstone Project was written and submitted by user Javon Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Malaysian Rainforests Overview

Malaysian Rainforests Overview Southeast Asian rainforests, such as those that dominate the Malaysian region, are believed to be the oldest and some of the most biologically diverse forests in the world. However, they are now in danger of disappearing due to a number of human activities that threaten the ecosystem. Location The Malaysian rainforest eco-region extends across peninsular Malaysia to the extreme southern tip of Thailand. Characteristics Malaysian rainforests contain several different forest types throughout the region. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), these include lowland dipterocarp forest, hill dipterocarp forest, upper hill dipterocarp forest, oak-laurel forest, montane ericaceous forest, peat swamp forest, mangrove forest, freshwater swamp forest, heath forest, and forests that thrive on limestone and quartz ridges. Historical Extent of Habitat The extent of Malaysias land surface was forested before humans began clearing trees. Current Extent of Habitat Currently, forests cover about 59.5 percent of the total land area. Ecological Significance Malaysian rainforests support a vast diversity of plant and animal life, including approximately 200 mammal species (such as the rare Malayan tiger, Asian elephant, Sumatran rhinoceros, Malayan tapir, gaur, and clouded leopard), over 600 species of birds, and 15,000 plants. Thirty-five percent of these plant species are found nowhere else in the world. Threats The clearing of forest land by humans is the primary threat to the Malaysian rainforest ecosystem and its inhabitants. Lowland forests have been cleared to create rice fields, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, and orchards. In conjunction with these industries, logging has boomed as well, and the development of human settlements further threatens the forests. Conservation Efforts WWF-Malaysias Forest for Life Programme works to improve forest preservation and management practices throughout the region, paying special attention to the restoration of degraded areas where critical forest corridors are required by wildlife for safe travel throughout their habitats. WWFs Forest Conversion Initiative works with producers, investors, and retailers around the world to ensure that expansion of oil palm plantations does not threaten High Conservation Value Forests. Get Involved Support the World Wildlife Funds efforts in establishing and improving protected areas by signing up as a Direct Debit Donor. Travel to WWFs project sites in Malaysia to help contribute to the local economy with your tourism dollars and exhibit global support of these conservation programs. You will help to prove that protected areas can generate income for the state governments without the need to exploit our natural resources unsustainably, explains WWF. Forest managers and timber products processors can join the Malaysia Forest and Trade Network (MFTN). When buying any wood product, from pencils to furniture to construction materials, be sure to check sources and, ideally, choose only certified sustainable products. Find out how you can help WWFs Heart of Borneo project by contacting: Hana S. HarunCommunications Officer (Malaysia, Heart of Borneo)WWF-Malaysia (Sabah Office)Suite 1-6-W11, 6th Floor, CPS Tower,Centre Point Complex,No.1, Jalan Centre Point,88800 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: 6088 262 420Fax: 6088 242 531 Join the Restore and Kinabatangan - Corridor of Life initiatives to reforest the Corridor of Life in the Kinabatangan Floodplain. If your company would like to contribute to reforestation work, please contact the Reforestation Officer: Kertijah Abdul KadirReforestation OfficerWWF-Malaysia (Sabah Office)Suite 1-6-W11, 6th Floor, CPS Tower,Centre Point Complex,No.1, Jalan Centre Point,88800 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: 6088 262 420Fax: 6088 248 697

The Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example In fact, the mystery behind Bermuda Triangle is based on exaggerated reporting and explanations by media reporters and seafarers. Still, people are not yet ready to believe that there exists less scope for paranormal activity behind the Bermuda Triangle. But evidences on the disappearances of ships and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle prove that there exists less scope for extraterrestrial forces behind disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. Besides, this region is a renowned for heavy traffic of ships. So, there exists high scope for accidents and related incidents. At the same time, the story behind the Bermuda Triangle tends the seafarers and pilots to expect some extraterrestrial forces in this region and this leads them to accidents. Stewart (2009) makes clear that, â€Å"Many familiar with the waters near Bermuda, for example, say that can happen easily because of the turbulence and converging currents of the Gulf Stream within the Triangle† (p. 79). The Ocean current, added with methane gas, is strong enough to sink a vessel. The excavations conducted with the help of marine experimentation equipments prove that the secret behind most of the incidents in Bermuda Triangle is human error. ... In fact, natural explanation on mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle proves that natural phenomenon like wind storm added with human error is the real villain behind the tragic incidents. Besides, the natural explanation on the mysterious disappearances is based on the fact that this area is important within the context of maritime activities. To be specific, this area is the meeting point of maritime activities between America and Europe. A number of aircrafts (say, commercial/private) conduct daily trips from America to other parts of the world. Rosenberg (2002) stated that, â€Å"The most commonly mentioned theory is simply that the disappearances were caused by simple human error† (p.22). One can see that tropical storm in the Bermuda Triangle area is one of the natural factors behind the loss of the vessels and aircrafts. All these factors within the context of sea and air transportation lead to disasters in the Bermuda Triangle area. Evidently, mechanical malfunction is t he reason behind the loss of vessels and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle region. When the authorities failed unmask the secret behind the mysterious incidents in the Bermuda Triangle, more and more people began to suspect paranormal forces behind the same. But Hamilton (2007) opined that, â€Å"Since this area is one of the most heavily traveled places in the world, it is no surprise that many people have seen tragically lost within the Bermuda Triangle† (p.4). For instance, the disappearances of G-AHNP Star Tiger and Douglas DC-3 aircrafts in the year 1948, G-AGRE Star Ariel aircraft in the year 1949, and KC-135 Stratotanker in the year 1963 led the international community to consider that there exist paranormal forces behind the incidents. Later, investigation proved that human error, weak

QUALITY OF LIFE & FUNCTIONING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

QUALITY OF LIFE & FUNCTIONING - Essay Example On the other hand, if I had a similar perception of quality of life with her family, we could discuss their problems, giving me a chance to help them get through with the ordeal. It becomes easier to empathize with the patient while she accepts the fact that she is dying, and it allows me to help ease the journey for her and her family. B. Palliative care is all about improving the quality of life for patients undergoing a terminal illness and are expecting death. Researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston published a report which identified factors that greatly affected patient’s quality of life at the end of their lives. Two of the most powerful determinants of poor patient quality of life were dying in a hospital or being admitted to the ICU during the last week of life. No patient wants that, and considering how the patient does not have much in the way of money, additional hospital costs would severely stress the family. A good strategy would be to preven t these by keeping the patient home while assessing him regularly for complications which should be promptly treated before the patient would need to go to the hospital. Another thing that impacts the quality of life would be the patient's level of worry at the beginning of care. As a nurse, we must dispel the patient’s worries and fears by providing them with information and offering to them your help as a nurse. Try to forge a therapeutic alliance with the patient to make them feel like they are being taken care of holistically. Lastly, religion plays a large role in many people’s lives, and during the end of life, many people would like to talk with a religious figure such as a priest or pastor before they pass away. Bringing in a pastor at the request of the patient could help ease the feeling of dying with the thought of her God watching over her and her remaining family. Religion could also help the family cope with the situation (Nordqvist, 2012) C. Pain and fat igue from the treatment and the stresses of her illness cause Mrs. Thomas to lose the ability to care for herself, and this problem can only get worse over the course of her illness. She needs to find ways to make taking care of herself easier, and find other ways to do help her husband and family do it for her once she reaches the point wherein she can no longer do it herself. Pain is a major deterrent to the patient’s ability to perform her activities of daily life. This pain caused her to lose her job, and her insistence on not taking the pain relief medication leaves her crying in the daytime. Reducing the pain nonpharmacologically would really help in increasing Mrs. Thomas’s functionality. There are many nonpharmacological pain methods that could be done by Mrs. Thomas or with the help of Mr. Thomas. Massage and backrubs are can be very effective when done correctly. Teaching this to Mr. Thomas would allow him to care for his wife when she needs help with the pai n. Since Mr. Thomas has to work, there would be times wherein Mrs. Thomas would be left alone. To handle the pain during these times, she can apply warm and cold compresses to the painful areas, and if she has trouble sleeping because of the pain, she can try to reposition herself to find a comfortable position. Diversional activities can also help, especially if they are done in combination

Bates Motel Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bates Motel Analysis - Essay Example Given that monopolists have control over price, quality, and output, they therefore maximizes on the economic returns. In the short-run, monopolists enjoy supernormal profits given that they are price makers. Monopolists are profit maximizers and choose their equilibrium level of output and price at the point where marginal revenue equals to marginal cost (MR=MC) (Stackelberg, Bazin, Urch, & Hill, 2011). A practical example of industries that enjoy monopoly power is the electricity and power generation industries. The energy sector enjoys patent rights and protection that give it monopoly power. Therefore, the industry only prices at the point where marginal cost of production matches marginal revenue generated from the sales. Under perfectly competitive market, the equilibrium prices are naturally determined by the market forces of demand and supply with no single player having power to influence the prevailing prices, hence no price exploitation (Goldberg, 2000). Secondly, this market structure is characterized by production and allocative efficiency since they produce at the point where price equals marginal cost (P=MC) and produces quality products that are homogeneous in nature (Stackelberg, Bazin, Urch, & Hill, 2011). This market structure therefore produces a pareto optimal level of output and price that eliminates dead weight loss to both consumers and suppliers. One of such markets includes textile manufacturing industry that is characterized by free entry and exit. Given many buyers and sellers, consumers therefore benefit from high quality cloths and clothes at relatively affordable prices as no seller will benefit by increasing price above the equilibrium market rates. Monopolistic Competition is a media form of market structure that is dominated by advertising. This owes to the fact that monopolistic competition market structure deals in

Major determinant of Cross-elasticity of Demand

Major determinant of Cross-elasticity of Demand When it comes to Cross-elasticity of demand, we must first illustrate the concept of elasticity of demand. We can say that elasticity of demand is the foundation of the theory of cross-elasticity of demand because elasticity of demand is related to only one good while cross-elasticity of demand is about the relation of 2 goods. We should first compare the elasticity of demand with the cross-elasticity of demand. Introduction of Elasticity of Demand Elasticity of demand is often referred to as the own-price elasticity of demand for a certain good, such as the elasticity of demand with respect to the price of a good. Elastic demand reflects that consumers are very price sensitive. This concept is understandable because we all know price is one of important determinant of quantity, and the quantity demanded of a good is negatively related to its price. We can suppose: for a seller, lower price promotes sales; for a buyer, higher price constraints their desire of purchase. Take the example from the textbook, suppose that a 10% increase in the price of an ice-cream cone causes the amount of ice cream you buy to fall by 20%. According to the formula We calculate your elasticity of demand as 20%/10%= 2. This result can be explained as the elasticity 2 reflects the change in the quantity demanded is twice as large as the change in the price in proportion. This result owes to reasons as follows: First, market for ice cream is very competitive instead of monopolistic. Second, consumers have choices of other substitutes such as other desserts. Third, when the price of ice cream rises, consumers can buy cakes, milk-shake or other desserts. The above formula usually yields a negative value, because of the inverse nature of the relationship between price and quantity demanded. They are described by the law of demand (Gillespie, Andrew (2007). p.43.) but economists tend to refer to price elasticity of demand as a positive value (i.e., in absolute value terms). Definition of Cross-elasticity of Demand Based on the theory mentioned above about price elasticity of demand, we can go further to find out the relation of two goods. In order to distinguish it from the elasticity of demand for that good with respect to the change in the price of some other good, i.e., a complementary or substitute good. (Png, Ivan (1999). p.57.) The latter type of elasticity measure is called a cross-price elasticity of demand. In microeconomics, cross-elasticity of demand is also called cross-price elasticity of demand, which measures the responsiveness of the demand for a good when there is a change in the price of another good. According to its definition, it is measured as the change in demand in percentage for the good A that occurs in response to a change in price in percentage of the good B. The formula to calculate cross-elasticity of demand is as follows: Major Determinant The cross-price elasticity of demand is often used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to a price change of another good. The major determinant of cross-elasticity of demand is the closeness of the substitute or complement. A high positive cross-price elasticity indicates that if the price of a certain good goes up, the demand for the other good goes up as well. A negative one tells us the opposite that an increase in the price of one good causes a decrease in the demand for the other good. A small value (either negative or positive) tells us that there is little or no relation between the two goods. They are listed in the table below: Cross-price Elasticity Indication Example Graph A positive cross-price elasticity If the price of one good goes up, the demand for the other good goes up as well. Pork and chicken, etc. A negative cross-price elasticity An increase in the price of one good causes a drop in the demand for the other good. Bicycles and helmets; Petroleum and cars, etc. A small value There is little relation between the two goods. Things have little or no relation at all For example, if we suppose the price of chicken goes up by 20%, and as a result the quantity demanded of pork increases by 10%, at the premise that there is no change in the price of pork or anything else that would have influence on the demand for pork (such as quality, advertising, location, etc). Then the cross-elasticity of demand for pork, with respect to the price of chicken, is 10%/20% = 0.5. This concept is also easy to understand. Firstly, as we know that for two goods that complement each other show a negative cross elasticity of demand, which means that an increase in the price of one good cuts the demand for the other. For instance, if the price of bicycles goes up, we will expect to see a decline in the demand for bike helmets; if the price of petroleum goes down, the demand for car will be expected to rise. In this sort of case, we can say the goods are complements and they have a close link in price and demand. Secondly, on the contrary, two goods that are substitutes have a positive cross elasticity, it means that an increase in the price of one good will therefore increase the demand for the other good. When we observe a positive cross-elasticity, we can assume that the two goods are substitutes, as with chicken and pork, butter and margarine. The Third circumstance is two independent goods. If two goods are independent, undoubtedly they have a zero cross elasticity of demand. Practical Application For firms and corporations, it is necessary for them to know the cross-elasticity of demand for their products when they consider the effect on the demand for their products of a change facing with the challenging price of a rivals product or a complementary product. If the quality and appearance is almost the same (regardless of the factors of affection location, and loyalty, etc.) but the price of Firm A is higher than that of Firm B, most consumers will choose the products of Firms B. Among theories of marketing, pricing is not only difficult but technical. These are vital pieces of information for firms when making their production and strategic plans. However, for goods those complement each other, a firm is supposed to promote the sales of both the products and their complements. Nowadays, the price of petroleum is constantly high and it will continuously get higher in the near future. This is definitely a disaster for automotive industry. Some of the automobile companies adopt the strategy of reduction but gets an unsatisfactory feedback. What affects the decision of a consumer is mainly the price of petroleum instead of the automobile, so some companies think out of a promotional tactic: buy car get petro discounted (though the price of a car may be very expensive), and this may be to some extent cater to the consumers psychology. Another application of the concept of cross-elasticity of demand is in the field of international trade as well as the balance of payments around the world. Whats more, for different industries and fields, the concept of cross-elasticity of demand can be used to measure the closeness of relation of each other. For those monopoly enterprises, they are the unique suppliers in market and they are powerful enough to control the whole market, so they wont suffer the pressure from others. However, for some industries, such as Ministry of Railway, if it decides to raise the price in a large scale, many passengers will prefer other transportation, which will make aviation industry or highroad industry prosperous. This will undoubtedly lay itself in an unadvantageous position.

Marketing Ethics Essay example -- Business Morals Ethics Essays

Marketing Ethics The question of whether or not marketing is completely unethical is the question most critics of marketing seem to be focusing their attention on. Ethics provide the basis for deciding whether a particular action is morally good or morally bad (Britt 553). But, each individual develops different opinions, moral standards, and values. So, marketers will deal with similar issues differently because there is no "correct" way to handle any given issue. Marketers face various types of ethical issues in their everyday marketing activities. Such marketing activities that require marketing managers to utilize their moral values ethically are advertising, packaging and labeling, and global marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Advertising is the most criticized of all micro-marketing activities (McCarthy 643)." What is considered as unfair or deceptive advertising is very difficult to pinpoint, because times have changed and continue to change on a day to day basis. What one person may consider unfair or deceptive may not be unfair or deceptive to another person. There are no clear cut guidelines for marketing manager's to go by, so they must utilize their own judgement based on their own moral standards. But, in the United States their is an administrative agency that has the power to control unfair or deceptive business practices. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created in 1914 to prevent "unfair methods of competition in commerce (commercial trade) and...

Morality †Ethics Essay

1. What are the fundamental questions which ethics tries to resolve? Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality—concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. 2. Distinguish a human act from act of man. The difference between human acts and man acts is that human acts are a free will decision. This includes knowledge, freedom and voluntarism When modifiers come into play, then it makes the act become the act of man. The elements are ignorance, passion, fear, violence and habits. You act simultaneously with your feelings. A human act is an action that is considered to be carried out voluntarily, whereas an act of man is an involuntary action. The distinctions and nuances between an act of man and a human act are often a focus of philosophical debate. 3. What is morality? Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good orright and those that are bad, evil or wrong. Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy,religion, or culture, or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. 4. Distinguish moral, immoral, and amoral. Moral concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character. Immoral actions or events: those areas of interest where moral categories do apply and of are such a kind as to be evil, sinful, or wrong according to some code or theory of ethics. Amoral actions or events: those areas of interest exhibiting indifference to and not abiding by the moral rules or codes of society. 5. How will you determine the goodness and badness of human act? An event which is caused solely by the effect of nature or natural causes and without any interference by humans whatsoever. 6. What qualities of human act have ethical in form? The qualities of human act that have ethical in form are the actions that are free and deliberate, those that proceeds from the free and conscious acts of man and the act that is always done for a purpose. 7. What are different connotations of the term moral? The term â€Å"morality† can be used either 1. descriptively to refer to some codes of conduct put forward by a society or, a. some other group, such as a religion, or b. accepted by an individual for her own behavior or 2.normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons. 8. Why is Ethics important? Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a course of action. Without it, our actions would be random and aimless. There would be no way to work towards a goal because there would be no way to pick between a limitless number of goals. Even with an ethical standard, we may be unable to pursue our goals with the possibility of success. To the degree which a rational ethical standard is taken, we are able to correctly organize our goals and actions to accomplish our most important values. Any flaw in our ethics will reduce our ability to be successful in our endeavors. 9. Why should ethics always be treated a way of life? Ethics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophythat involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The superfield within philosophy known as axiology includes both ethics and aesthetics and is unified by each sub-branch’s concern with value. Philosophical ethics investigates what is the best way for humans to live, and what kinds of actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances. Ethics may be divided into three major areas of study. Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values (if any) may be determined. Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality—concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. 10. How is responsibilities entaill in a human act? Responsibility for own existence is grounded on self-awareness and personal freedom to make choices. By exercising freedom to choose man becomes totally responsible for himself. But his responsibility does not stop there; it extends to other people so that at the end it assumes the form of universal responsibility. There are at least three circles in the extension of our responsibility. The Individual responsibility, if existence precedes essence man is responsible for his own actions. Total Responsibility, If man is free to choose what he is going to make of himself, he is entirely responsible for what he is becoming. Universal Responsibility, If man is fully responsible for what he is presenting as the image of man, he is responsible for all men. 11. What are the different approaches in dealing with the problem of moral principles? ?The Utilitarian Approach Utilitarianism was conceived in the 19th century by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to help legislators determine which laws were morally best. Both Bentham and Mill suggested that ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil. ?The Rights Approach The second important approach to ethics has its roots in the philosophy of the 18th-century thinker Immanuel Kant and others like him, who focused on the individual’s right to choose for herself or himself. ?The Fairness or Justice Approach The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who said that â€Å"equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally. † ?The Common-Good Approach This approach to ethics assumes a society comprising individuals whose own good is inextricably linked to the good of the community. Community members are bound by the pursuit of common values and goals. ?The Virtue Approach The virtue approach to ethics assumes that there are certain ideals toward which we should strive, which provide for the full development of our humanity. These ideals are discovered through thoughtful reflection on what kind of people we have the potential to become. 12. Research on the following: a. The problem of Moral Principles Now, such principles come in two distinct forms: formal principles (i. e. moral principles without specific action-guiding content) and substantive principles (i. e. moral principles with specific action-guiding content). In what follows, I consider substantive principles first, then formal. Both forms of principles, I argue, are incapable of providing the sort of moral guidance necessary to achieve mature moral judgments (i. e.judgments that are appropriate to the situations they are judgments of). The problem is that such principles are unable to provide information about what actually would, in a given situation, uphold justice or maximize utility. That is, formal principles fail to provide moral agents with the tools necessary to evaluate the complex details particular situations confront them with, or to develop appropriate moral solutions. b. The problem of Scope Morality Scope of morality are moral concept which are mixed modes, are transparent, we cannot reduce the descriptions of our moral life, that is the descriptions using our moral vocabulary, to some substantial residue or some real objects. c. The problem of Moral Obligation Moral obligations are standards that do not merely advise or recommend our conformity, but demand it. Moral obligations come from the demands or expectations of society d. The problem of Freedom Freedom naturally occurs in nature, but only becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom grants one the right to behave without fear or punishment i. e. go anywhere they wish, do anything they wish or say anything they wish. Of course there are always limits imposed on freedom. We are all born free, but as we grow we learn the physical limits of our surroundings. We learn about the limits imposed on us by gravity or by our physical surroundings such as walls. The thing is, freedom can only exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. e. The problem of Moral Practice Since cultures and individuals differ in certain moral practices, there are no objective moral values. Several objections can be made to this argument. First, the fact that people disagree about something does not mean there is no objective truth. If you and I disagree about whether or not the earth is round, for example, this is not proof that the earth has no shape. In moral discussion, the fact that a skinhead and I may disagree about whether we should treat people equally and fairly is not sufficient evidence to say that equality and fairness have no objective value. f. The problem of Casuistry. A bias is an unwarranted inclination or a special perspective that disposes us to mistaken or one-sided judgments. The potential for bias arises at each stage of a case method of reasoning including in describing, framing, selecting and comparing of cases and paradigms. A problem of bias occurs because to identify the relevant features for such purposes, we must use general views about what is relevant; but some of our general views are biased, both in the sense of being unwarranted inclinations and in the sense that they are one of many viable perspectives. 13. Is it right to say that â€Å"What is right for me to do is what I really want to do† and why? No,it’s not right to say it that way because you are only thinking about yourself. And sometimes even it is right for you its not what you really want to do because you’re also thinking about the others, what will be the effect of this to them and whatsoever. 14. What is basic substanceof the problem freedom. â€Å"Freedom† is one of those slippery words, difficult to define because it is an ambiguous and abstract man-made concept. It naturally occurs in nature, but only becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom is only an issue in the presence of oppression, and oppression only exists among humans as a result of their perceptions of the world around them. The thing is, freedom can only exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. 15. Distinguish between moral principles and moral rules. Moral principle – the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; â€Å"the Puritan ethic†; â€Å"a person with old-fashioned values†. Moral Rules- they come out into the open only when the person is questioned. Very often one of the rules contradicts another, thus enabling the user to resort first to one and then to the other to suit his convenience or to accord with his pre-existing prejudices. These rules are usually those they have been taught to believe.

Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car

Purpose and background Theory The purpose of this project is to build a mouse tap car and apply it to Newton’s laws of motion. Newton’s first law states that every material object continues in its state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it. Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object (in the direction of the net force) and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton’s third law of motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. Then these laws will apply to your mousetrap car and they will affect the out come of the distance traveled in your mousetrap. Data 1st Trial it traveled 14 feet in 21.34 seconds Velocity .66 m/s 2nd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 11.34 seconds Velocity 1.2 m/s 3rd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 15.78 seconds Velocity .89 m/s This is from the nose of the mousetrap car starting at zero feet and zero seconds. Then you release the mousetrap and start you watch and stop timing when the car passes 14 feet. Then you record you results. I did this three times and the first time the string go held up and it went peaty slow. Final velocity = initial velocity +(acceleration *time interval) FV= 14 feet FI= 0 feet (A= ?, acceleration T= seconds, time for trial) Conclusion In the mousetrap car you can see that all of Newton’s laws applies to it. In Newton’s first law you can see it acting on the mousetrap car when it is stand still and when it is moving. It moves is a straight line of motion unless other states of forces are acting on it. In Newton’s second law of motion you can see this acting out in when the car is in motion and accelerating. The rate of acceleration of the mousetrap car is ... Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car Purpose and background Theory The purpose of this project is to build a mouse tap car and apply it to Newton’s laws of motion. Newton’s first law states that every material object continues in its state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it. Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object (in the direction of the net force) and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton’s third law of motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. Then these laws will apply to your mousetrap car and they will affect the out come of the distance traveled in your mousetrap. Data 1st Trial it traveled 14 feet in 21.34 seconds Velocity .66 m/s 2nd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 11.34 seconds Velocity 1.2 m/s 3rd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 15.78 seconds Velocity .89 m/s This is from the nose of the mousetrap car starting at zero feet and zero seconds. Then you release the mousetrap and start you watch and stop timing when the car passes 14 feet. Then you record you results. I did this three times and the first time the string go held up and it went peaty slow. Final velocity = initial velocity +(acceleration *time interval) FV= 14 feet FI= 0 feet (A= ?, acceleration T= seconds, time for trial) Conclusion In the mousetrap car you can see that all of Newton’s laws applies to it. In Newton’s first law you can see it acting on the mousetrap car when it is stand still and when it is moving. It moves is a straight line of motion unless other states of forces are acting on it. In Newton’s second law of motion you can see this acting out in when the car is in motion and accelerating. The rate of acceleration of the mousetrap car is ...

Healthy vs Healthful

Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the use of the adjectives healthy and healthful: Would you please do a segment explaining how, when, and why healthy and healthful should be used correctly. My tentative belief is that people are healthy or not so; and that foods are healthful or not so. Am I correct? Many speakers like to draw a strict difference between these two adjectives, but it’s not necessary. The argument Some speakers insist that healthy must be applied only to someone or something that enjoys good health: The healthy children ran and played in the sunshine. Every country desires a healthy economy. Healthful, on the other hand, is to be used only to describe something that promotes or contributes to bodily health: The parents petitioned the school authorities to provide more healthful school lunches. The healthful ingredients include broccoli and cabbage. The reality When it comes to standard usage, healthy is used with both meanings by the majority of speakers and writers. In The New York Times, for example, one may read about both â€Å"healthy children† and â€Å"healthy breakfasts.† Both adjectives have been in the language for a very long time. The first OED citation for healthful with the meaning â€Å"wholesome, health-giving† is dated 1398. The first example of healthy with the same meaning is dated 1577. If making a distinction between healthy and healthful gives speakers a sense of satisfaction, then they should do so. However, they needn’t criticize the majority of speakers who use healthy with both meanings. The usage that pains my grammar nerve is this: How to Eat Healthy New Year’s Resolution to Eat Healthy A few speakers may say, â€Å"Eat healthfully,† but the online evidence suggests that healthy is about to morph into an adverb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Excited ABOUT, not "for" Parataxis and Hypotaxis

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems Essay

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems - Essay Example How much of this stands true for racism specific stress has also been the subject focus of many studies. Researchers found an association between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure in African American college students. Also in the workplace, stressful racism places African Americans in a high probability group for the development of higher blood pressures. This clearly shows that racism can hasten the onset of hypertension even in younger age group and possible conclusion that can be drawn is that in an aging population the superimposed ill effects of stress induced by racism may be even greater. Similarly, women with higher stress scores who were subjected to high levels of internalized racism were at a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes due to altered hormone secretion. Studies have also attempted to assess objectively, mental and psychological implications of racism specific stress. Further research necessary to reach a conclusion linking the association of stress per se resulting from experiencing racial discrimination per se leading to changes in the health status of people who are getting older is carried out as seen below. Various measured variables are compared with a control group in the same age group without any exposure to racial prejudice taking into account confounding factors such as lifestyle habits, the presence of other risk factors such as smoking, environmental factors and preexisting or propensity for other age-related diseases because of heredity.

Review of Literature Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Review of Literature Summaries - Essay Example Davies, Howells, & Jenkins (2003) note that this was strategically planned so that it could coincide with the dates of set for the routine visits which are usually established for the schedule for seeing the infant screening. Thus, this plan ensured the elimination of inconveniences and interruption of the participants schedules. From the finding of the research presented in this article, there is an indication of the reduction of the risk of health disruptions caused by PPD from early detection and intervention. On the other hand, those cases which are undetected and consequently not receiving intervention around one year postpartum indicate a heightened risk of incidences of PPD as well as the associated complications (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). From the data collected in the first three months, there was an indication that 20% of the participants suffered from postpartum depression. Interestingly, the data collected during the rest of the months through to twelve months indicated that the percentage of PPD incidences experienced a decline. This article supports the proposed change through a number of ways highlighted in the following subsequent statements. First, the article shows the fact that there is a possibility of developing PPD at any time especially during the first prenatal year (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). Second, the article shows that using an appropriate validated screening tool, such as the EPDS used in this research, enhances the detection of PPD (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). As a result, there can be early intervention to help those who are affected. Early identification of maternal depression as a strategy in the prevention of child abuse is an article which elaborates on the adverse effects of PPD to an individual’s social morbidity as psychological wellbeing (Scott, 1992). This article is relevant to this research