Definition and Examples of Apologia in Rhetoric

Definition: In classical rhetoric, communication studies, and public relations, an apologia is a  speech that defends, justifies, and/or apologizes for an action or statement. Plural: apologia. Adjective: apologetic. Also known as a  speech of self-defense. In an article* in the Quarterly Journal of Speech (1973), B.L. Ware and W.A. Linkugel identified four common strategies in apologetic discourse: denial (directly or indirectly rejecting the substance, intent, or consequence of the questionable act) bolstering (attempting to enhance the image of the individual under attack) differentiation (distinguishing the questionable act from more serious or harmful actions) transcendence (placing the act in a different context) *They Spoke in Defense of Themselves: On the Generic Criticism of Apologia See Examples and Observations below. Also see: OratoryPersuasionRhetoric What Are the Three Branches of Rhetoric? EtymologyFrom the Greek, away from speech Examples and Observations There may be several purposes for apologia rhetoric, including to explain the behavior or statement in a positive light, justify the behavior to minimize damage to image and character, or remove the topic from public discussion so that other issues may be discussed.(Colleen E. Kelley, The Rhetoric of First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton: Crisis Management Discourse. Praeger, 2001) The Rhetoric of Damage ControlSome genres are so complex and high stakes that they require a special kind of rhetorical maneuvering and critical assessment. One such animal is what Aristotle called an apologia--or what we label today as the rhetoric of self-defense, damage-control, image-repair, or crisis management. . . .Its indebtedness to all three genres [deliberative, judicial, and epideictic], but its allegiance to none, makes the apologia a challenging rhetorical hybrid to create and critique (Campbell Huxman, 2003, pp. 293-294). . . . .The genre [of apologia] is a public purging of sins and a reaffirm ation of the ethical norms of society dressed up in theatrical proportions to bring pleasure to spectators; it is the most intimate form of secular discourse. Success in this arena requires a let it all hang out (remorse, pride, outrage) approach. The visual media are especially equipped to provide the excess and exaggeration that this type of theater demands.(Susan Schultz Huxman, Exigencies, Explanations, and Executions: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Crisis Communications Genre. Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication, ed. by Dan P. Millar and Robert L. Heath. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004) BP CEOs Apologia for the Gulf Oil Spill (May 31, 2010)The first thing to say is Im sorry. . . . We’re sorry for the massive disruption it’s caused their lives. There’s no one who wants this over more than I do. I would like my life back.†(Tony Hayward, televised speech in Venice, Louisiana, May 31, 2010) Bill Clintons Apologia: The Monica Lewinsk y Affair (Aug. 17, 1998)Good evening.This afternoon in this room, from this chair, I testified before the Office of Independent Counsel and the grand jury.I answered their questions truthfully, including questions about my private life, questions no American citizen would ever want to answer.Still, I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, both public and private. And that is why I am speaking to you tonight.As you know, in a deposition in January, I was asked questions about my relationship with Monica Lewinsky. While my answers were legally accurate, I did not volunteer information.Indeed, I did have a relationship with Miss Lewinsky that was not appropriate. In fact, it was wrong. It constituted a critical lapse in judgment and a personal failure on my part for which I am solely and completely responsible.But I told the grand jury today and I say to you now that at no time did I ask anyone to lie, to hide or destroy evidence or to take any other unlawful action.I kn ow that my public comments and my silence about this matter gave a false impression. I misled people, including even my wife. I deeply regret that.I can only tell you I was motivated by many factors. First, by a desire to protect myself from the embarrassment of my own conduct.I was also very concerned about protecting my family. The fact that these questions were being asked in a politically inspired lawsuit, which has since been dismissed, was a consideration, too.In addition, I had real and serious concerns about an independent counsel investigation that began with private business dealings 20 years ago, dealings I might add about which an independent federal agency found no evidence of any wrongdoing by me or my wife over two years ago.The independent counsel investigation moved on to my staff and friends, then into my private life. And now the investigation itself is under investigation.This has gone on too long, cost too much and hurt too many innocent people.Now, this matter is between me, the two people I love most--my wife and our daughter--and our God. I must put it right, and I am prepared to do whatever it takes to do so.Nothing is more important to me personally. But it is private, and I intend to reclaim my family life for my family. Its nobodys business but ours.Even presidents have private lives. It is time to stop the pursuit of personal destruction and the prying into private lives and get on with our national life.Our country has been distracted by this matter for too long, and I take my responsibility for my part in all of this. That is all I can do.Now it is time--in fact, it is past time to move on.We have important work to do--real opportunities to seize, real problems to solve, real security matters to face.And so tonight, I ask you to turn away from the spectacle of the past seven months, to repair the fabric of our national discourse, and to return our attention to all the challenges and all the promise of the next American century.Th ank you for watching. And good night.(President Bill Clinton, televised speech to the American public, August 17, 1998) Pronunciation: AP-eh-LOW-je-eh

Stanley Milgram s Theory Of Social Psychology - 1098 Words

Stanley Milgram was a well-known intelligent American social psychologist. He was born August 15, 1933 in New York. Before the presents of Stanley Milgram his parents Samuel and Adele Milgram were Jewish immigrants from the Eastern part of Europe. Around that time in Europe that was when Adolf Hitler was on the rise so Milgram parents hurried and fled to New York in America (Blass, 2004). While being in New York Milgram parents both had jobs as a baker and raised him and his other two siblings Marjorie Milgram and Joel Milgram (Blass, 2004). Growing up Milgram was always a brilliant child in 1950 he graduated from James Monroe High School and it had only took him 3 years to graduate. He was also a classmate of Philip Zimbardo who also became a successful psychologist later on in his career (Miller, 1997). Moving on, In 1954 Milgram earned his bachelor degree in political science from Queen College. Milgram always had the interest to learn about social problems (Miller, 1997). So over time in 1960 Milgram earned his doctorate degree from Harvard University and he was taught from a clever instructor Gordon Allport. At Harvard University he majored in social psychology which was mixed with a lot of social psychology, sociology, anthropology, and clinical psychology (Blass, 2004). After attending Harvard Milgram became an assistant teacher at Yale University. Furthermore, while Milgram was at Yale he did many psychological experiments. However one study thatShow MoreRelatedHistorical Reference Of Social Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pages Historical Reference of Social Psychology Social psychology uses scientific methods to understand how people’s opinions and behaviors are influenced by the actual presence or the implied presence of others. Social psychology is an integrative field that builds the gap between psychology and sociology. Sociology, on the other hand, is the scientific study of human behavior. In addition, social psychology is a comparatively new field that originated in the early 20th century. In 1954 Gordon AllportRead MoreThe Causes Of Obedience From Research By Milgram ( 1974 ) And His Contemporaries1360 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch by Milgram (1974) and his Contemporaries. Stanley Milgram was a Psychologist at Yale. Obedience is an essential part in the format of humanity, and it’s destructiveness has been investigated throughout time. Stanley Milgram organized a research to test the destructiveness of obedience however, Milgram wanted to investigate why ordinary people are keen to obey an authority figure and commit evil deeds even when it goes against their beliefs. Milgram used social psychology concepts to explainRead MoreThe Milgram Experiment1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Milgram Experiment Stanley Milgram, a famous social psychologist, and student of Solomon Asch, conducted a controversial experiment in 1961, investigating obedience to authority (1974). The experiment was held to see if a subject would do something an authority figure tells them, even if it conflicts with their personal beliefs and morals. He even once said, The social psychology of this century reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situationRead Moreâ€Å"In 1961, Stanley Milgram, A Psychologist At Yale University,872 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In 1961, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He examined the justifications for acts of genocide given by those accused at the World War II Nuremberg War Criminal trials. Their defense often was based on obedience,† and that they were just following orders from their superiors. The procedure was that the participant was paired with another person and they drew straws to find out who wouldRead MoreSocial Identity Theory And Fees Must Fall Protests Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Identity Theory and Fees Must Fall Protests 1411588 Phoenix Falconer-Pincus Protests play a highly significant role in generating awareness of a certain topic, grievance or issue that may affect certain demographics or groups of people. The below essay aims to explore the connection between social and collective identity, and its influence and importance in protests. This will be done by discussing the â€Å"FeesMustFall† movement that was aimed at getting free tertiary education in South AfricaRead MoreMilgram Experiment : What Was The Intent?1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdid Hitler condemn so many people to death and question why he was hated by them?† Well that is exactly why Stanley Milgram conducted experiments to test how far an ordinary person would inflict pain onto a stranger. 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The differences and similarities social psychology shares with certain fields of psychology will be clarified throughout this essay. Specific subjects such as attitudes, group behaviors, and other related sources will be cited throughout this essay. Some of the r esearch methods used in social psychology to determine how individuals affect groups or how groups affect an individual will be discussed in this essay. Keywords: group behaviors, social cognitionRead MoreObedience Is The Psychological Mechanism That Links Individual Action1065 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual action to political purpose.† (Milgram, 1963). As a Psychologist at Yale University, Milgram proposed an experiment mainly focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. In the 1960’s, Stanley Milgram analyzed justifications for genocide acts by those accused during World War II. The Nuremberg War Criminal trials, States the people were thought of them as simply following orders from their higher ranks. His theory focuses on how humans think and how it linksRead MoreResearch Paper On Milgram Experiment1787 Words   |  8 PagesMilgram Experiment Research Paper In 1961, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a controversial experiment on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He examined the justifications for acts of genocide given by those accused at the World War II Nuremberg War Criminal trials. Their defense often was based on obedience,† and that they were â€Å"just following orders from their superiors† (McLeod, Saul. Milgram Experiment, Simply Psychology). The procedure

How to Make Draft Essay from This Outline Free Essays

COMM 180Winter 2013Karen Crawford Hill Research Essay Outline—Due Week 7 Student Name Number: Amandeep Cheema 300673568 Topic Number: (from assignment sheet): 2 Topic Name: (demonstrate your understanding by briefly explaining the topic in your own words, e. g. , characterization, theme, plot, social message/interpretation, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make Draft Essay from This Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) A theme is a piece of writing, a talk, or a discussion of an important idea or subject that run through it. In another word we can say that a theme is the central idea or ideas explored by a literary work and in order to identify the theme of the story, we need to composite, or assemble, the aspects of imagination that we gathered from investigation, and regard the story as a whole Relevant Textbook Unit(s): (identify the Unit number and name from SAU that relates to your chosen topic. Note: this is not necessarily the same unit in which your stories appear): Unit 2 â€Å"Types of characters† (p. 35), Unit 2 â€Å"Characterization† (p. 37), Unit 4 â€Å"Cultural and social setting† (p. 15), Unit 6 â€Å"Theme and interpretation† (p. 190). Primary Sources: (Required—two stories from Stories About Us) 1. A Handful of Dates 2. The Stolen Party Draft Main Points: (3 points, each relating to both stories) 1. The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. 2. The characters of both the stories had gone throug h certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. 3. Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Draft Thesis Statement: (1—2 sentences; include subject, readings, and main points) The author of the story â€Å"A Handful of Dates† and the author of the story â€Å"The Stolen Party† are from different culture but treat a common theme of disillusionment. In my opinion characterization, experiences, and consequences are the most important aspects of these two stories. Planned Development: (Identify support from primary sources for main points; expand table by adding rows or sections as necessary) Point 1: (briefly restate your main point): The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples| Page| The strange thing was he never use to go out go out with his father, rather it was my grandfather. | 21 (5)| â€Å"Rich people go to Heaven too,† said the girl, who studied religion at school. | 27 (5)| Unlike other children, he used to love to go to the mosque to learn the Koran. | 22 (10)| â€Å"Get away with Heaven,† said the mother. â€Å"The problem with you, young lady, is that you like to fart higher than your ass. †| 27 (10)| As for his beard, it was soft and luxuriant and as white as cotton-wool—never in my life have I seen anything of a purer whiteness or great beauty. 22 (25)| Rosaure loved everything in the big house and she also loved the people who lived there. | 28 (25)| | | | | Point 2: (briefly restate your main point): The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples | Page| â€Å"Yes my boy, forty years ago all this belonged to Masood-two-thirds of it is now mine. † | 23 (55)| Rosaura was the only one allowed into the kitchen. | 29 (55)| â€Å"I didn’t own a single feddan when I first set foot in this village. Masood was then the owner of all these riches. | 23 (60)| Rosaura felt she had never been so happy in all her life. | 30 (95)| He remembered that Masood remark to him â€Å"Palm trees, my boy, like humans, experience joy and suffering. † And I had felt an inward and unreasoned embarrassment. | 24 (100)| Rosaura thought that this was truly the most amusing party in the whole world. | 30 (115)| I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting about to left and right like two mice that have lost their way home. | 25 (130)| | | Point 3: (briefly restate your main point): Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples| Page| I felt myself drawing close to Masood. | 25 (135)| Rosaura also leaned forward, stretching out her arm. But she never completed the movement. | 32 (175)| For some unknown reason, I experienced a sharp sensation of pain in my chest. | 25 (140)| â€Å"You really and truly earned this,† she said handing them over. â€Å"Thank you for all your help, my pet. †| 32 (180)| I felt at that moment that I hated him. 25 (140)| Rosaura felt her arms stiffen, stick close to her body, and then she noticed her mother’s hand on her shoulder. | 32 (180)| Then, without knowing why, I put my finger into my throat and spewed up the dates I’d eaten. | 25 (145)| Rosaura’s eyes had a cold, clear look that fixed itself on Senora Ines’s face. | 32 (185)| Secondary Sources: (Required†”identify at least 2 appropriate, i. e. , literature specific, sources with APA documentation) 1. Hassan, W. S. (2003). Tayeb Salih: Ideology the craft of fiction. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. 2. Diaz, G. (2007). Women and power in Argentine literature: Stories, interviews, and critical essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 3. Dasgupta, G. , Mei, J. , J. (2005). Character and characterization. In G. Dasgupta J. J. Mei (Eds. ), Stories about us (pp. 37). Toronto, ON: Nelson. 4. Liliana Heker. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Retrieved from Literature Resource Center. 5. Khan, R. Y. (2001). Childhood and modern Arabic literature: The initiation story. Arabic Middle Eastern Literatures, 4(2), 167-178. doi:10. 1080/13666160120057277 OPTIONAL: Other Possible Secondary Sources: (Optional: secondary sources from program course material or GNED 500 material, or other non-literature-specific sources, with APA documentation) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Planned Development: (Identify support for main points; expand table by adding rows or sections) Note: At this stage of essay development, it is not necessary to complete all sections of this table, but you should provide at least one item of secondary source support for each of your main points) Point 1: (briefly restate your main point): The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to creat e and portray characters. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Masood, like Sheikh, is a loving and kind-hearted man who is deeply attached to his palm trees. (Diaz, G. 2007, p. 33)| 33| Implicit presentation of characters in action which is used primarily through dialogue and action of characters in a story (Dasgupta, G. , Mei, J. , J. , 2005, p. 38) | | 38| | | | | Point 2: (briefly restate your main point): The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| He has so far imagined that the field and playground â€Å"belonged to my grandfather ever since God’s creation,† turn out to have belonged to Masood(Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 4)| 34| Her memories of her childhood are quite clear and insightful- perhaps the reason for the numerou s stories she had written about children. (Hassan, W. S. , 2003, p. 185) | | 185| | | | | | | | | Point 3: (briefly restate your main point): Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| It is a fall from childhood innocence that comes about with knowledge. (Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 34)| 34| What she discovers is that she has just begun her own training in servitude. (â€Å"Liliana Heker,† 2003, para. 2) | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite How to Make Draft Essay from This Outline, Essay examples

Sales Management of Apple Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sales Management of Apple Company. Answer: Company Profile Apple Company is considered as one of the greatest companies in the digital industry. It is an American multinational technology company and headquarter is in California. There are 406 retail stores globally. The tagline of the company is "Think Different". The company designs, develops and also offers online services. The hardware products of the company consist of iPhone smartphones, Mac personal computer. The first generation iPhone was released in the US on June 29, 2007. The main success of the company is to analyze its competitors and also help in enhancing themarketing campaigns and strategies. iPhone is one of the products of apple and it gives direct influence on the brand. The company introduced many models in the market and it has given enhancement in the profitability and growth of the organization. Apple deals in computer hardware and software, consumer electronics and also in the digital distribution of the industries. Goals The goal of the company is not to make money but to offer effective products. The company also introduced different models of iPhone in the market that has given positive impact and also enhanced the profitability of the organization. The main goal of the organization is to maintain the competitive strategy and also the company gives main focus on enhancing the sale of the product in the market (Pisano, 2015). By considering iPhone the company takes into consideration effective strategies that induce customers to buy the product. There are many other goals that are considered by the company and that are: By introducing various models the main goals of the company is to enhance the revenue and also to attract more and more customers towards the product. Also, the company should give emphasis on enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers. To enhance the market share of the company by taking into consideration effective marketing strategies. Online share is also one of the company goals. By selling iPhone online the company wants to attain the large market share. Target Market iPhone is considered as a renowned brand for the people who belong from the business background. The software that exists is well established and also compatible with various products in the market. The company gives the main emphasis on the corporate people and also on teenagers. Corporate people rely on the technology as it will help to communicate and coordinate with each other. To enhance the sale of iPhone the company should give focus on the people who belong from the corporate background and the young and rich teenagers (Grant, 2016). As the cost of the product is high, so it will be difficult for the people to buy the product. So the main target should be, on the person who has a high purchasing power. The second consumer targets are high school, college and graduate students who require one portable multifunction device. The targeted age group should be from 15 to 25 years. This segment group replaces their iPods and cell phones with the iPhone. As there is a high level of c ompetition in the market, so it is essential that the product that is offered by the company should satisfy the needs and wants of the consumers. Also, the goodwill of the company plays a great role to enhance the market demand of the product. If the goodwill of the company is effective, then it is seen that the company can easily attain the goals and objectives in an effective manner. Measurement Measurement of the performance and growth plays a significant role and it helps to access the actual position of the product in the market. By tracking the bottom lines sales revenue is not sufficient to give exact information. It is essential to know how the products are sold by considering price, distribution channel, and profit margin. For effective measurement, it is important that the company should use the tools for measuring the sales and also adopt the changes in the market conditions. So, for measurement the company should consider the following analysis: Distribution analysis: It is important to measure that where the product is sold in the market and also to see that where the sales efforts are best spent. It is cheaper to sell the product online. By offering the product online, it is seen that the company should promote the product. In the recent scenario, the consumer purchases the items from different online shopping websites. So for measuring exact position, the company should measure the distribution analysis, where the products are distributed and what are the effective sources of selling the product. There are many consumers who prefer to purchase the item through online and also there are various consumers who are interested in purchasing the product from retail outlets. So, the company can easily measure the position in the market by considering distribution analysis (Cho, Kumar Telang, 2014). Market Analysis: The Company should also consider the market analysis. The market analysis helps to gain knowledge about the consumers. By conducting market analysis the need and want of the consumers are analyzed. So before introducing the product in the market, the company should conduct a proper analysis that helps to enhance the sale of the product. Purchasing behavior and buying capacity of the consumers are also analyzed by conducting effective market Analysis. The company should also give emphasis on promoting the product in the market. The promotion can be done effectively by considering print media, by introducing exchange offers and should bring modification in the payment plans (Ling, Fern, Huat, Boon Lee, 2014). Conclusion So, it is concluded that for enhancing the sale of iPhone, it is very important for the company to consider effective marketing strategies and also by giving focus on different analysis. The company can easily attain the large market share if the correct measures are considered. For enhancing the sale of iPhone the company should also give focus on the business class and teenagers. The target market for the product should be the people who belong from a high-level background and also the teenagers. References Cho, D., Kumar, A., Telang, R. (2014). The impact of iphone exclusivity arrangement on demand for smartphones. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Ling, G. M., Fern, Y. S., Huat, T. S., Boon, L. K., Lee, T. S. (2014). Applied-information Technology for Brand Image towards the Usage of iPhone. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 977, pp. 491-495). Trans Tech Publications. Pisano, G. P. (2015). You need an innovation strategy.Harvard Business Review,93(6), 44-54.

Child Abuse and Capstone Project

Description of a Problem Parents as well as other caregivers take responsibility for treating their children, explaining them the most important living issues, describing them the peculiarities of love, support, and understanding, etc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse and Capstone Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is so easy to violate this kind of child’s trust to parents and the relations to the world in general in case child abuse takes place. Child abuse has a number of effects on a human life and the understanding of how people should behave, develop their abilities, and comprehend their duties and cause many behavior problems in a future (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, Herrenkohl, Russo, 2010). It is stated that about 1500 American children died because of domestic violence and abuse in 2011, and an unknown number of children continue experiencing serious traumas as a result of abuse and parental neglect (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Children are considered to be a considerable part of society, still, they suffer from abuse, and not many people are ready to underline the importance of this issue and offer effective solutions to this problem. It is not an easy task to recover from child abuse and trauma (Lemoncelli, 2012). People are in need of professional help and explanations of why child abuse may take place and what effects may be observed. Sousa, Herrenkohl, Moylan, Tajima, Klika, Herrenkohl, and Russo (2011) admit that child abuse as well as any other cases of domestic violence influence considerably children and their further development: children become less attached to their caregivers, demonstrate antisocial behavior when they are adolescents, and become the worsen examples for their own children or people around them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why the problem of child abuse remains to be crucial for analysis, as people have to understand its urgency and effects on human behavior. Justification of the Selection of a Problem Child mistreatment is an issue with a long history that has its roots during the times of the Roman Empire, when infanticide and child abandonment were frequent actions (Corby, Shemmings, Wilkins, 2012). Nowadays, people do not find these methods effective indeed and truly believe that they have evolved and achieved new levels of cooperation with children and new methods of education. However, these methods only seem to have some other forms, but the same meaning is still present. Parents may abuse their children, neglect their education, accept abortions, and even leave them, hoping that a society can take care of their children. Child abuse is an old problem with modern peculiarities and has to be discussed from various perspectives. Gloud, Clarke, Heim, Harvey, Majer, and Nemeroff’s investigation (2012) proves that child abuse may result in the changes of various cognitive functions and an emotional status of a child. The selection of the child abuse problem may be justified in a variety of ways as a necessity to inform people about possible threats of human development, which are based on child mistreatment. The above-mentioned studies and ideas have a number of limitations that depend on how the researchers organize their work, choose variables, and identify the scopes of their ideas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Abuse and Capstone Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why it is necessary to consider the already known material about child abuse, its effects, and preventive methods and introduce some new perspectives to prove that the question of child abuse is still open using the statistics, real life examples, and theoretical arg uments. Reference List Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Child Maltreatment: Consequences. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ Corby, B., Shemmings, D., Wilkins, D. (2012). Child abuse: An evidence base for confident practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Gloud, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P.D., Majer, M., Nemeroff, C.B. (2012). The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(4), 500-506. Lemoncelli, J.J. (2012). Healing from childhood abuse: Understanding the effects, taking control to recover. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Moylan, C.A., Herrenkohl, T.I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E.A., Herrenkohl, R.C., Russo, M.J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Violence, 25(1), 53-63. Sousa, C., Herrenkohl, T.I., Moylan, C.A., Tajima, E.A., Klika, J.B., Herrenkohl, R.C., Russo,. M.J. ( 2011). Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(1), 111-136.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Child Abuse and Capstone Project was written and submitted by user Javon Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Malaysian Rainforests Overview

Malaysian Rainforests Overview Southeast Asian rainforests, such as those that dominate the Malaysian region, are believed to be the oldest and some of the most biologically diverse forests in the world. However, they are now in danger of disappearing due to a number of human activities that threaten the ecosystem. Location The Malaysian rainforest eco-region extends across peninsular Malaysia to the extreme southern tip of Thailand. Characteristics Malaysian rainforests contain several different forest types throughout the region. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), these include lowland dipterocarp forest, hill dipterocarp forest, upper hill dipterocarp forest, oak-laurel forest, montane ericaceous forest, peat swamp forest, mangrove forest, freshwater swamp forest, heath forest, and forests that thrive on limestone and quartz ridges. Historical Extent of Habitat The extent of Malaysias land surface was forested before humans began clearing trees. Current Extent of Habitat Currently, forests cover about 59.5 percent of the total land area. Ecological Significance Malaysian rainforests support a vast diversity of plant and animal life, including approximately 200 mammal species (such as the rare Malayan tiger, Asian elephant, Sumatran rhinoceros, Malayan tapir, gaur, and clouded leopard), over 600 species of birds, and 15,000 plants. Thirty-five percent of these plant species are found nowhere else in the world. Threats The clearing of forest land by humans is the primary threat to the Malaysian rainforest ecosystem and its inhabitants. Lowland forests have been cleared to create rice fields, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, and orchards. In conjunction with these industries, logging has boomed as well, and the development of human settlements further threatens the forests. Conservation Efforts WWF-Malaysias Forest for Life Programme works to improve forest preservation and management practices throughout the region, paying special attention to the restoration of degraded areas where critical forest corridors are required by wildlife for safe travel throughout their habitats. WWFs Forest Conversion Initiative works with producers, investors, and retailers around the world to ensure that expansion of oil palm plantations does not threaten High Conservation Value Forests. Get Involved Support the World Wildlife Funds efforts in establishing and improving protected areas by signing up as a Direct Debit Donor. Travel to WWFs project sites in Malaysia to help contribute to the local economy with your tourism dollars and exhibit global support of these conservation programs. You will help to prove that protected areas can generate income for the state governments without the need to exploit our natural resources unsustainably, explains WWF. Forest managers and timber products processors can join the Malaysia Forest and Trade Network (MFTN). When buying any wood product, from pencils to furniture to construction materials, be sure to check sources and, ideally, choose only certified sustainable products. Find out how you can help WWFs Heart of Borneo project by contacting: Hana S. HarunCommunications Officer (Malaysia, Heart of Borneo)WWF-Malaysia (Sabah Office)Suite 1-6-W11, 6th Floor, CPS Tower,Centre Point Complex,No.1, Jalan Centre Point,88800 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: 6088 262 420Fax: 6088 242 531 Join the Restore and Kinabatangan - Corridor of Life initiatives to reforest the Corridor of Life in the Kinabatangan Floodplain. If your company would like to contribute to reforestation work, please contact the Reforestation Officer: Kertijah Abdul KadirReforestation OfficerWWF-Malaysia (Sabah Office)Suite 1-6-W11, 6th Floor, CPS Tower,Centre Point Complex,No.1, Jalan Centre Point,88800 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia.Tel: 6088 262 420Fax: 6088 248 697

The Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example In fact, the mystery behind Bermuda Triangle is based on exaggerated reporting and explanations by media reporters and seafarers. Still, people are not yet ready to believe that there exists less scope for paranormal activity behind the Bermuda Triangle. But evidences on the disappearances of ships and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle prove that there exists less scope for extraterrestrial forces behind disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. Besides, this region is a renowned for heavy traffic of ships. So, there exists high scope for accidents and related incidents. At the same time, the story behind the Bermuda Triangle tends the seafarers and pilots to expect some extraterrestrial forces in this region and this leads them to accidents. Stewart (2009) makes clear that, â€Å"Many familiar with the waters near Bermuda, for example, say that can happen easily because of the turbulence and converging currents of the Gulf Stream within the Triangle† (p. 79). The Ocean current, added with methane gas, is strong enough to sink a vessel. The excavations conducted with the help of marine experimentation equipments prove that the secret behind most of the incidents in Bermuda Triangle is human error. ... In fact, natural explanation on mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle proves that natural phenomenon like wind storm added with human error is the real villain behind the tragic incidents. Besides, the natural explanation on the mysterious disappearances is based on the fact that this area is important within the context of maritime activities. To be specific, this area is the meeting point of maritime activities between America and Europe. A number of aircrafts (say, commercial/private) conduct daily trips from America to other parts of the world. Rosenberg (2002) stated that, â€Å"The most commonly mentioned theory is simply that the disappearances were caused by simple human error† (p.22). One can see that tropical storm in the Bermuda Triangle area is one of the natural factors behind the loss of the vessels and aircrafts. All these factors within the context of sea and air transportation lead to disasters in the Bermuda Triangle area. Evidently, mechanical malfunction is t he reason behind the loss of vessels and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle region. When the authorities failed unmask the secret behind the mysterious incidents in the Bermuda Triangle, more and more people began to suspect paranormal forces behind the same. But Hamilton (2007) opined that, â€Å"Since this area is one of the most heavily traveled places in the world, it is no surprise that many people have seen tragically lost within the Bermuda Triangle† (p.4). For instance, the disappearances of G-AHNP Star Tiger and Douglas DC-3 aircrafts in the year 1948, G-AGRE Star Ariel aircraft in the year 1949, and KC-135 Stratotanker in the year 1963 led the international community to consider that there exist paranormal forces behind the incidents. Later, investigation proved that human error, weak

QUALITY OF LIFE & FUNCTIONING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

QUALITY OF LIFE & FUNCTIONING - Essay Example On the other hand, if I had a similar perception of quality of life with her family, we could discuss their problems, giving me a chance to help them get through with the ordeal. It becomes easier to empathize with the patient while she accepts the fact that she is dying, and it allows me to help ease the journey for her and her family. B. Palliative care is all about improving the quality of life for patients undergoing a terminal illness and are expecting death. Researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston published a report which identified factors that greatly affected patient’s quality of life at the end of their lives. Two of the most powerful determinants of poor patient quality of life were dying in a hospital or being admitted to the ICU during the last week of life. No patient wants that, and considering how the patient does not have much in the way of money, additional hospital costs would severely stress the family. A good strategy would be to preven t these by keeping the patient home while assessing him regularly for complications which should be promptly treated before the patient would need to go to the hospital. Another thing that impacts the quality of life would be the patient's level of worry at the beginning of care. As a nurse, we must dispel the patient’s worries and fears by providing them with information and offering to them your help as a nurse. Try to forge a therapeutic alliance with the patient to make them feel like they are being taken care of holistically. Lastly, religion plays a large role in many people’s lives, and during the end of life, many people would like to talk with a religious figure such as a priest or pastor before they pass away. Bringing in a pastor at the request of the patient could help ease the feeling of dying with the thought of her God watching over her and her remaining family. Religion could also help the family cope with the situation (Nordqvist, 2012) C. Pain and fat igue from the treatment and the stresses of her illness cause Mrs. Thomas to lose the ability to care for herself, and this problem can only get worse over the course of her illness. She needs to find ways to make taking care of herself easier, and find other ways to do help her husband and family do it for her once she reaches the point wherein she can no longer do it herself. Pain is a major deterrent to the patient’s ability to perform her activities of daily life. This pain caused her to lose her job, and her insistence on not taking the pain relief medication leaves her crying in the daytime. Reducing the pain nonpharmacologically would really help in increasing Mrs. Thomas’s functionality. There are many nonpharmacological pain methods that could be done by Mrs. Thomas or with the help of Mr. Thomas. Massage and backrubs are can be very effective when done correctly. Teaching this to Mr. Thomas would allow him to care for his wife when she needs help with the pai n. Since Mr. Thomas has to work, there would be times wherein Mrs. Thomas would be left alone. To handle the pain during these times, she can apply warm and cold compresses to the painful areas, and if she has trouble sleeping because of the pain, she can try to reposition herself to find a comfortable position. Diversional activities can also help, especially if they are done in combination

Bates Motel Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bates Motel Analysis - Essay Example Given that monopolists have control over price, quality, and output, they therefore maximizes on the economic returns. In the short-run, monopolists enjoy supernormal profits given that they are price makers. Monopolists are profit maximizers and choose their equilibrium level of output and price at the point where marginal revenue equals to marginal cost (MR=MC) (Stackelberg, Bazin, Urch, & Hill, 2011). A practical example of industries that enjoy monopoly power is the electricity and power generation industries. The energy sector enjoys patent rights and protection that give it monopoly power. Therefore, the industry only prices at the point where marginal cost of production matches marginal revenue generated from the sales. Under perfectly competitive market, the equilibrium prices are naturally determined by the market forces of demand and supply with no single player having power to influence the prevailing prices, hence no price exploitation (Goldberg, 2000). Secondly, this market structure is characterized by production and allocative efficiency since they produce at the point where price equals marginal cost (P=MC) and produces quality products that are homogeneous in nature (Stackelberg, Bazin, Urch, & Hill, 2011). This market structure therefore produces a pareto optimal level of output and price that eliminates dead weight loss to both consumers and suppliers. One of such markets includes textile manufacturing industry that is characterized by free entry and exit. Given many buyers and sellers, consumers therefore benefit from high quality cloths and clothes at relatively affordable prices as no seller will benefit by increasing price above the equilibrium market rates. Monopolistic Competition is a media form of market structure that is dominated by advertising. This owes to the fact that monopolistic competition market structure deals in

Major determinant of Cross-elasticity of Demand

Major determinant of Cross-elasticity of Demand When it comes to Cross-elasticity of demand, we must first illustrate the concept of elasticity of demand. We can say that elasticity of demand is the foundation of the theory of cross-elasticity of demand because elasticity of demand is related to only one good while cross-elasticity of demand is about the relation of 2 goods. We should first compare the elasticity of demand with the cross-elasticity of demand. Introduction of Elasticity of Demand Elasticity of demand is often referred to as the own-price elasticity of demand for a certain good, such as the elasticity of demand with respect to the price of a good. Elastic demand reflects that consumers are very price sensitive. This concept is understandable because we all know price is one of important determinant of quantity, and the quantity demanded of a good is negatively related to its price. We can suppose: for a seller, lower price promotes sales; for a buyer, higher price constraints their desire of purchase. Take the example from the textbook, suppose that a 10% increase in the price of an ice-cream cone causes the amount of ice cream you buy to fall by 20%. According to the formula We calculate your elasticity of demand as 20%/10%= 2. This result can be explained as the elasticity 2 reflects the change in the quantity demanded is twice as large as the change in the price in proportion. This result owes to reasons as follows: First, market for ice cream is very competitive instead of monopolistic. Second, consumers have choices of other substitutes such as other desserts. Third, when the price of ice cream rises, consumers can buy cakes, milk-shake or other desserts. The above formula usually yields a negative value, because of the inverse nature of the relationship between price and quantity demanded. They are described by the law of demand (Gillespie, Andrew (2007). p.43.) but economists tend to refer to price elasticity of demand as a positive value (i.e., in absolute value terms). Definition of Cross-elasticity of Demand Based on the theory mentioned above about price elasticity of demand, we can go further to find out the relation of two goods. In order to distinguish it from the elasticity of demand for that good with respect to the change in the price of some other good, i.e., a complementary or substitute good. (Png, Ivan (1999). p.57.) The latter type of elasticity measure is called a cross-price elasticity of demand. In microeconomics, cross-elasticity of demand is also called cross-price elasticity of demand, which measures the responsiveness of the demand for a good when there is a change in the price of another good. According to its definition, it is measured as the change in demand in percentage for the good A that occurs in response to a change in price in percentage of the good B. The formula to calculate cross-elasticity of demand is as follows: Major Determinant The cross-price elasticity of demand is often used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to a price change of another good. The major determinant of cross-elasticity of demand is the closeness of the substitute or complement. A high positive cross-price elasticity indicates that if the price of a certain good goes up, the demand for the other good goes up as well. A negative one tells us the opposite that an increase in the price of one good causes a decrease in the demand for the other good. A small value (either negative or positive) tells us that there is little or no relation between the two goods. They are listed in the table below: Cross-price Elasticity Indication Example Graph A positive cross-price elasticity If the price of one good goes up, the demand for the other good goes up as well. Pork and chicken, etc. A negative cross-price elasticity An increase in the price of one good causes a drop in the demand for the other good. Bicycles and helmets; Petroleum and cars, etc. A small value There is little relation between the two goods. Things have little or no relation at all For example, if we suppose the price of chicken goes up by 20%, and as a result the quantity demanded of pork increases by 10%, at the premise that there is no change in the price of pork or anything else that would have influence on the demand for pork (such as quality, advertising, location, etc). Then the cross-elasticity of demand for pork, with respect to the price of chicken, is 10%/20% = 0.5. This concept is also easy to understand. Firstly, as we know that for two goods that complement each other show a negative cross elasticity of demand, which means that an increase in the price of one good cuts the demand for the other. For instance, if the price of bicycles goes up, we will expect to see a decline in the demand for bike helmets; if the price of petroleum goes down, the demand for car will be expected to rise. In this sort of case, we can say the goods are complements and they have a close link in price and demand. Secondly, on the contrary, two goods that are substitutes have a positive cross elasticity, it means that an increase in the price of one good will therefore increase the demand for the other good. When we observe a positive cross-elasticity, we can assume that the two goods are substitutes, as with chicken and pork, butter and margarine. The Third circumstance is two independent goods. If two goods are independent, undoubtedly they have a zero cross elasticity of demand. Practical Application For firms and corporations, it is necessary for them to know the cross-elasticity of demand for their products when they consider the effect on the demand for their products of a change facing with the challenging price of a rivals product or a complementary product. If the quality and appearance is almost the same (regardless of the factors of affection location, and loyalty, etc.) but the price of Firm A is higher than that of Firm B, most consumers will choose the products of Firms B. Among theories of marketing, pricing is not only difficult but technical. These are vital pieces of information for firms when making their production and strategic plans. However, for goods those complement each other, a firm is supposed to promote the sales of both the products and their complements. Nowadays, the price of petroleum is constantly high and it will continuously get higher in the near future. This is definitely a disaster for automotive industry. Some of the automobile companies adopt the strategy of reduction but gets an unsatisfactory feedback. What affects the decision of a consumer is mainly the price of petroleum instead of the automobile, so some companies think out of a promotional tactic: buy car get petro discounted (though the price of a car may be very expensive), and this may be to some extent cater to the consumers psychology. Another application of the concept of cross-elasticity of demand is in the field of international trade as well as the balance of payments around the world. Whats more, for different industries and fields, the concept of cross-elasticity of demand can be used to measure the closeness of relation of each other. For those monopoly enterprises, they are the unique suppliers in market and they are powerful enough to control the whole market, so they wont suffer the pressure from others. However, for some industries, such as Ministry of Railway, if it decides to raise the price in a large scale, many passengers will prefer other transportation, which will make aviation industry or highroad industry prosperous. This will undoubtedly lay itself in an unadvantageous position.

Marketing Ethics Essay example -- Business Morals Ethics Essays

Marketing Ethics The question of whether or not marketing is completely unethical is the question most critics of marketing seem to be focusing their attention on. Ethics provide the basis for deciding whether a particular action is morally good or morally bad (Britt 553). But, each individual develops different opinions, moral standards, and values. So, marketers will deal with similar issues differently because there is no "correct" way to handle any given issue. Marketers face various types of ethical issues in their everyday marketing activities. Such marketing activities that require marketing managers to utilize their moral values ethically are advertising, packaging and labeling, and global marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Advertising is the most criticized of all micro-marketing activities (McCarthy 643)." What is considered as unfair or deceptive advertising is very difficult to pinpoint, because times have changed and continue to change on a day to day basis. What one person may consider unfair or deceptive may not be unfair or deceptive to another person. There are no clear cut guidelines for marketing manager's to go by, so they must utilize their own judgement based on their own moral standards. But, in the United States their is an administrative agency that has the power to control unfair or deceptive business practices. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created in 1914 to prevent "unfair methods of competition in commerce (commercial trade) and...

Morality †Ethics Essay

1. What are the fundamental questions which ethics tries to resolve? Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality—concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. 2. Distinguish a human act from act of man. The difference between human acts and man acts is that human acts are a free will decision. This includes knowledge, freedom and voluntarism When modifiers come into play, then it makes the act become the act of man. The elements are ignorance, passion, fear, violence and habits. You act simultaneously with your feelings. A human act is an action that is considered to be carried out voluntarily, whereas an act of man is an involuntary action. The distinctions and nuances between an act of man and a human act are often a focus of philosophical debate. 3. What is morality? Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good orright and those that are bad, evil or wrong. Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy,religion, or culture, or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. 4. Distinguish moral, immoral, and amoral. Moral concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character. Immoral actions or events: those areas of interest where moral categories do apply and of are such a kind as to be evil, sinful, or wrong according to some code or theory of ethics. Amoral actions or events: those areas of interest exhibiting indifference to and not abiding by the moral rules or codes of society. 5. How will you determine the goodness and badness of human act? An event which is caused solely by the effect of nature or natural causes and without any interference by humans whatsoever. 6. What qualities of human act have ethical in form? The qualities of human act that have ethical in form are the actions that are free and deliberate, those that proceeds from the free and conscious acts of man and the act that is always done for a purpose. 7. What are different connotations of the term moral? The term â€Å"morality† can be used either 1. descriptively to refer to some codes of conduct put forward by a society or, a. some other group, such as a religion, or b. accepted by an individual for her own behavior or 2.normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons. 8. Why is Ethics important? Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a course of action. Without it, our actions would be random and aimless. There would be no way to work towards a goal because there would be no way to pick between a limitless number of goals. Even with an ethical standard, we may be unable to pursue our goals with the possibility of success. To the degree which a rational ethical standard is taken, we are able to correctly organize our goals and actions to accomplish our most important values. Any flaw in our ethics will reduce our ability to be successful in our endeavors. 9. Why should ethics always be treated a way of life? Ethics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophythat involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The superfield within philosophy known as axiology includes both ethics and aesthetics and is unified by each sub-branch’s concern with value. Philosophical ethics investigates what is the best way for humans to live, and what kinds of actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances. Ethics may be divided into three major areas of study. Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values (if any) may be determined. Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality—concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. 10. How is responsibilities entaill in a human act? Responsibility for own existence is grounded on self-awareness and personal freedom to make choices. By exercising freedom to choose man becomes totally responsible for himself. But his responsibility does not stop there; it extends to other people so that at the end it assumes the form of universal responsibility. There are at least three circles in the extension of our responsibility. The Individual responsibility, if existence precedes essence man is responsible for his own actions. Total Responsibility, If man is free to choose what he is going to make of himself, he is entirely responsible for what he is becoming. Universal Responsibility, If man is fully responsible for what he is presenting as the image of man, he is responsible for all men. 11. What are the different approaches in dealing with the problem of moral principles? ?The Utilitarian Approach Utilitarianism was conceived in the 19th century by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to help legislators determine which laws were morally best. Both Bentham and Mill suggested that ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil. ?The Rights Approach The second important approach to ethics has its roots in the philosophy of the 18th-century thinker Immanuel Kant and others like him, who focused on the individual’s right to choose for herself or himself. ?The Fairness or Justice Approach The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who said that â€Å"equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally. † ?The Common-Good Approach This approach to ethics assumes a society comprising individuals whose own good is inextricably linked to the good of the community. Community members are bound by the pursuit of common values and goals. ?The Virtue Approach The virtue approach to ethics assumes that there are certain ideals toward which we should strive, which provide for the full development of our humanity. These ideals are discovered through thoughtful reflection on what kind of people we have the potential to become. 12. Research on the following: a. The problem of Moral Principles Now, such principles come in two distinct forms: formal principles (i. e. moral principles without specific action-guiding content) and substantive principles (i. e. moral principles with specific action-guiding content). In what follows, I consider substantive principles first, then formal. Both forms of principles, I argue, are incapable of providing the sort of moral guidance necessary to achieve mature moral judgments (i. e.judgments that are appropriate to the situations they are judgments of). The problem is that such principles are unable to provide information about what actually would, in a given situation, uphold justice or maximize utility. That is, formal principles fail to provide moral agents with the tools necessary to evaluate the complex details particular situations confront them with, or to develop appropriate moral solutions. b. The problem of Scope Morality Scope of morality are moral concept which are mixed modes, are transparent, we cannot reduce the descriptions of our moral life, that is the descriptions using our moral vocabulary, to some substantial residue or some real objects. c. The problem of Moral Obligation Moral obligations are standards that do not merely advise or recommend our conformity, but demand it. Moral obligations come from the demands or expectations of society d. The problem of Freedom Freedom naturally occurs in nature, but only becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom grants one the right to behave without fear or punishment i. e. go anywhere they wish, do anything they wish or say anything they wish. Of course there are always limits imposed on freedom. We are all born free, but as we grow we learn the physical limits of our surroundings. We learn about the limits imposed on us by gravity or by our physical surroundings such as walls. The thing is, freedom can only exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. e. The problem of Moral Practice Since cultures and individuals differ in certain moral practices, there are no objective moral values. Several objections can be made to this argument. First, the fact that people disagree about something does not mean there is no objective truth. If you and I disagree about whether or not the earth is round, for example, this is not proof that the earth has no shape. In moral discussion, the fact that a skinhead and I may disagree about whether we should treat people equally and fairly is not sufficient evidence to say that equality and fairness have no objective value. f. The problem of Casuistry. A bias is an unwarranted inclination or a special perspective that disposes us to mistaken or one-sided judgments. The potential for bias arises at each stage of a case method of reasoning including in describing, framing, selecting and comparing of cases and paradigms. A problem of bias occurs because to identify the relevant features for such purposes, we must use general views about what is relevant; but some of our general views are biased, both in the sense of being unwarranted inclinations and in the sense that they are one of many viable perspectives. 13. Is it right to say that â€Å"What is right for me to do is what I really want to do† and why? No,it’s not right to say it that way because you are only thinking about yourself. And sometimes even it is right for you its not what you really want to do because you’re also thinking about the others, what will be the effect of this to them and whatsoever. 14. What is basic substanceof the problem freedom. â€Å"Freedom† is one of those slippery words, difficult to define because it is an ambiguous and abstract man-made concept. It naturally occurs in nature, but only becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom is only an issue in the presence of oppression, and oppression only exists among humans as a result of their perceptions of the world around them. The thing is, freedom can only exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. 15. Distinguish between moral principles and moral rules. Moral principle – the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; â€Å"the Puritan ethic†; â€Å"a person with old-fashioned values†. Moral Rules- they come out into the open only when the person is questioned. Very often one of the rules contradicts another, thus enabling the user to resort first to one and then to the other to suit his convenience or to accord with his pre-existing prejudices. These rules are usually those they have been taught to believe.

Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car

Purpose and background Theory The purpose of this project is to build a mouse tap car and apply it to Newton’s laws of motion. Newton’s first law states that every material object continues in its state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it. Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object (in the direction of the net force) and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton’s third law of motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. Then these laws will apply to your mousetrap car and they will affect the out come of the distance traveled in your mousetrap. Data 1st Trial it traveled 14 feet in 21.34 seconds Velocity .66 m/s 2nd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 11.34 seconds Velocity 1.2 m/s 3rd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 15.78 seconds Velocity .89 m/s This is from the nose of the mousetrap car starting at zero feet and zero seconds. Then you release the mousetrap and start you watch and stop timing when the car passes 14 feet. Then you record you results. I did this three times and the first time the string go held up and it went peaty slow. Final velocity = initial velocity +(acceleration *time interval) FV= 14 feet FI= 0 feet (A= ?, acceleration T= seconds, time for trial) Conclusion In the mousetrap car you can see that all of Newton’s laws applies to it. In Newton’s first law you can see it acting on the mousetrap car when it is stand still and when it is moving. It moves is a straight line of motion unless other states of forces are acting on it. In Newton’s second law of motion you can see this acting out in when the car is in motion and accelerating. The rate of acceleration of the mousetrap car is ... Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car Free Essays on Mouse Trap Car Purpose and background Theory The purpose of this project is to build a mouse tap car and apply it to Newton’s laws of motion. Newton’s first law states that every material object continues in its state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it. Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object (in the direction of the net force) and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton’s third law of motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. Then these laws will apply to your mousetrap car and they will affect the out come of the distance traveled in your mousetrap. Data 1st Trial it traveled 14 feet in 21.34 seconds Velocity .66 m/s 2nd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 11.34 seconds Velocity 1.2 m/s 3rd Trial it traveled 14 feet in 15.78 seconds Velocity .89 m/s This is from the nose of the mousetrap car starting at zero feet and zero seconds. Then you release the mousetrap and start you watch and stop timing when the car passes 14 feet. Then you record you results. I did this three times and the first time the string go held up and it went peaty slow. Final velocity = initial velocity +(acceleration *time interval) FV= 14 feet FI= 0 feet (A= ?, acceleration T= seconds, time for trial) Conclusion In the mousetrap car you can see that all of Newton’s laws applies to it. In Newton’s first law you can see it acting on the mousetrap car when it is stand still and when it is moving. It moves is a straight line of motion unless other states of forces are acting on it. In Newton’s second law of motion you can see this acting out in when the car is in motion and accelerating. The rate of acceleration of the mousetrap car is ...

Healthy vs Healthful

Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the use of the adjectives healthy and healthful: Would you please do a segment explaining how, when, and why healthy and healthful should be used correctly. My tentative belief is that people are healthy or not so; and that foods are healthful or not so. Am I correct? Many speakers like to draw a strict difference between these two adjectives, but it’s not necessary. The argument Some speakers insist that healthy must be applied only to someone or something that enjoys good health: The healthy children ran and played in the sunshine. Every country desires a healthy economy. Healthful, on the other hand, is to be used only to describe something that promotes or contributes to bodily health: The parents petitioned the school authorities to provide more healthful school lunches. The healthful ingredients include broccoli and cabbage. The reality When it comes to standard usage, healthy is used with both meanings by the majority of speakers and writers. In The New York Times, for example, one may read about both â€Å"healthy children† and â€Å"healthy breakfasts.† Both adjectives have been in the language for a very long time. The first OED citation for healthful with the meaning â€Å"wholesome, health-giving† is dated 1398. The first example of healthy with the same meaning is dated 1577. If making a distinction between healthy and healthful gives speakers a sense of satisfaction, then they should do so. However, they needn’t criticize the majority of speakers who use healthy with both meanings. The usage that pains my grammar nerve is this: How to Eat Healthy New Year’s Resolution to Eat Healthy A few speakers may say, â€Å"Eat healthfully,† but the online evidence suggests that healthy is about to morph into an adverb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Excited ABOUT, not "for" Parataxis and Hypotaxis

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems Essay

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems - Essay Example How much of this stands true for racism specific stress has also been the subject focus of many studies. Researchers found an association between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure in African American college students. Also in the workplace, stressful racism places African Americans in a high probability group for the development of higher blood pressures. This clearly shows that racism can hasten the onset of hypertension even in younger age group and possible conclusion that can be drawn is that in an aging population the superimposed ill effects of stress induced by racism may be even greater. Similarly, women with higher stress scores who were subjected to high levels of internalized racism were at a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes due to altered hormone secretion. Studies have also attempted to assess objectively, mental and psychological implications of racism specific stress. Further research necessary to reach a conclusion linking the association of stress per se resulting from experiencing racial discrimination per se leading to changes in the health status of people who are getting older is carried out as seen below. Various measured variables are compared with a control group in the same age group without any exposure to racial prejudice taking into account confounding factors such as lifestyle habits, the presence of other risk factors such as smoking, environmental factors and preexisting or propensity for other age-related diseases because of heredity.

Review of Literature Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Review of Literature Summaries - Essay Example Davies, Howells, & Jenkins (2003) note that this was strategically planned so that it could coincide with the dates of set for the routine visits which are usually established for the schedule for seeing the infant screening. Thus, this plan ensured the elimination of inconveniences and interruption of the participants schedules. From the finding of the research presented in this article, there is an indication of the reduction of the risk of health disruptions caused by PPD from early detection and intervention. On the other hand, those cases which are undetected and consequently not receiving intervention around one year postpartum indicate a heightened risk of incidences of PPD as well as the associated complications (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). From the data collected in the first three months, there was an indication that 20% of the participants suffered from postpartum depression. Interestingly, the data collected during the rest of the months through to twelve months indicated that the percentage of PPD incidences experienced a decline. This article supports the proposed change through a number of ways highlighted in the following subsequent statements. First, the article shows the fact that there is a possibility of developing PPD at any time especially during the first prenatal year (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). Second, the article shows that using an appropriate validated screening tool, such as the EPDS used in this research, enhances the detection of PPD (Davies, Howells, & Jenkins, 2003). As a result, there can be early intervention to help those who are affected. Early identification of maternal depression as a strategy in the prevention of child abuse is an article which elaborates on the adverse effects of PPD to an individual’s social morbidity as psychological wellbeing (Scott, 1992). This article is relevant to this research

Monkey in the Mirror Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monkey in the Mirror Essays - Essay Example But there are several things that mark us as being different from many of these other animals. Some of them are purely physical – for instance we have bipedal motion that is absent in the rest of apes (Tattersall, 2002 p. 89). But we also have many metaphysical qualities that mark us as different from our ancestors, such as the creation of music, art and culture. There is no one single thing that can truly account for all the ways in which we are different, but there are a few pieces that had to come together. One of which is our brain, which is by far the largest brain compared to body mass of any animal in the history of the world (Tattersall, 2002, p. 151). This probably had to develop in conjunction with a lot of other developments to be useful – for instance, larger brains would not have been useful if we were not already prehensile apes who were adapted to living in trees, and could thus use our prehensile hands to create and use tools (Tattersall, 2002 p. 69). Bu t probably one of the single things that sets humans apart from other animals the most is the development of speech. A change in our voice box and brain simultaneously occurred at some point in the evolution of homo sapiens, which allowed humans to differentiate themselves from previous iterations of humanity (or pre-humanity), and begin to do things that are truly novel in the animal kingdom Tattersall, 2002). One of the things that makes language so important is that it augments our innate intelligence, so that instead of things that become created instantly dying out when the person who created them dies, they can pass on the teaching to succeeding generations. This creates culture, which is probably the one biggest things that separates humans from other primates and other animals. If Gould and Tattersall were to have a conversation with each other, they would probably come to cross roads. Gould tended to entirely

Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay Former CEO of Vodafone Group, Mr. Arun Sarin, at the 2009 Global Business Forum debated that there is a profound change occurring in the world today. The world is becoming more interconnected due not only to physical infrastructure but also the intellectual and software infrastructure that is being built; moreover, the way in that trade is being done today. For him, the United States is still the most powerful country in the world; however, if the country wants to have global excellence in the future, innovation is a most. Since its earliest appearance, about three decades ago, the term globalization has been used to describe a process, a condition, a system, a force, and an age. The term signifies a social condition characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant. Globalization suggests dynamism best explained by the idea of change and the transformation of present conditions. In other words, globalization is an ongoing process rather than a static condition. According to Manfred Steger, author of the book: Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, globalization refers to a multidimensional set of social processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant. In the other hand, globalization is a complex and contradictory phenomenon that encompasses progress and degradation, opportunity and compulsion, freedom and restrictions. These countless contradictions are points of political contestation. Advantages of Globalization * Countries around the world have made the choice of establishing trade relationships with each other in order to improve their economy. Past hostile experiences were left behind, and globalization has announced an era of international peace and security. In addition, there has been propagation of democratic ideas among countries. * Countries have resolved to test free trade with some regions. Eliminating taxes, duties, and export/import quotas has allowed consumers to buy goods and services at a lower cost. * Globalization is encouraging the use of international connectivity such as the internet. Exchanging thoughts and ideas is helping interlink people around the world. * Several companies are investing in other markets providing better employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labor all around the world. Globalization is helping in increasing the standard of living of the developing world; and at the same time is helping to reduce poverty. * Competition among different countries is leading to international innovation and quality goods. Consumers are benefited in the process because they get quality products at a cheaper rate and from a large variety available in the market. * Mutual trade has brought an understanding of the importance of protecting the environment and natural resources. Global environmental problems are being discussed. Disadvantages of Globalization * Many people from develop nations are losing jobs since corporations are outsourcing work to developing countries due to savings in cost of labor. There is a lot of pressure in the develop world; people are always under the threat of their job being outsourced. Outsourcing has resulted in unemployment. * Any sort of economic disruption in one nation will have a domino-effect on other nations that are closely related to that country in terms of trade and commerce. * Influence of local cultures and traditions will slowly start to wear down. Western ideas will impose over other cultures. * Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company may want to build factories in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. * Income distribution within countries is becoming less equal. The rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer. * Transnational integration and increased mobility has simultaneously strengthened and diminished the protection of individual rights and the dignity of individuals. Globalized markets have facilitated more monitoring of social conditions but have also opened up more opportunities for economic exploitation. Example of the pros and cons of globalization The Philippines is one of the countries in Asia that has been affected by the contradictions of globalization. The country is taking part in the process since it became part of the World Trade Organization in 1995. Globalization has allowed major changes in the nation like more labor, more Filipino foreign companies, high levels of education, and high per capita income. Philippines have four regions that globalization has targeted and these four are: liberalization, mobility of capital, technology, and management of organization through private and public sectors. Nevertheless, the Philippine state has failed in organizing a socioeconomic environment that would have prepared the country for global competition. Many Filipinos believe that globalization has done nothing for their country. And this is due to the poverty that has been becoming worse each year. The Philippines is still corrupt and still faces economic and political problems, therefore, the nation and its people does not trust the process of globalization. About 60% of the population lives in poverty and poverty levels are still increasing. The institutional framework of a country, its political culture and the quality of its leadership play an important role in fostering economic development and in promoting social welfare. For some, globalization can make the Philippines a better nation if the Philippine leaders get involve in allowing for more global trading and more foreign investors to the help boost the economy. And by accomplishing those goals, the Philippines should be able to reduce poverty levels. The Future of Globalization Globalization is transforming the structure of worldwide interaction and people are changing along with it. The positives aspects of globalization are becoming more significant than the negatives ones. In the long term, the world will be transformed into a more prosperous, democratic, and peaceful environment. This may means that cultural conflict and global chaos will occur in the short term but large economic growth and democratic governance will prevail in the long term. Globalization is making the way for free trade and international business. It is also improving communication around the world. The biggest advantage is that globalization has the potential to make the world a better place to live in. Globalization cannot be stopped; however, leaders should always be on the top of its spread and outcomes. Work Cited Steger, M. B. (2004). Globalization, a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. Retrieved from http://library.books24x7.com.dml.regis.edu/SearchResults.aspx?qdom=authorscol={all}qstr=Manfred B. Steger Hill, C. (2010). International business. (8 ed., Vol. 5). New York City NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Rupert, M., Solomon, S. (2006). Globalization international political economy. Rowman Littlefield Publishers INC.

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging in collaboration with the Department of ENT, Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. CT PNS of the patients was evaluated for the cause of sinus complaints. Causes deduced from CT PNS were correlated with clinical/histopathological/surgical/ microbiological findings. STATISTICAL METHODS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated, followed by use of Fischer Exact test. The research hypothesis and statistical methods were formed in consultation with the Biostatistician. SAMPLE SIZE (Annexure 6): 100 patients referred for evaluation of sinus complaints were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking written/verbal informed consent, over a period of July 2013 to April 2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with complaints like headache/nasal obstruction/discharge/hyposmia /swelling over cheek and with clinically suspected paranasal sinuses lesions referred for MDCT PNS evaluation. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Acute sinonasal inflammatory disease. Previous evidence of sinonasal surgery. All cases of trauma. ETHICAL ISSUES: The study was conducted after necessary approval from the Institutional review board and ethics committee. MDCT is a non-invasive modality. All safety and screening measures were undertaken as per the American College of Radiology practice guidelines for performing Computed Tomography. INSTRUMENTATION: Light VCT 64 slice MDCT of GE radical system with advanced workstation 4.3 GE. Protocol followed for MDCT PNS: 1. Scout : Lateral kV : 120 mA : 10 Scout Plane : 900 2. Axial Images kV : 120 mA : 120 Start/End : 0 to 74.3 Total Exposure Time : 5.4 sec Gantry tilt : 0 Interval : 0.625 mm Slice thickness : 0.625 mm Helical Scan Rotation Time : 0.6 sec Rotation Length : Full Pitch and Speed : 0.531:1 10.62 mm/rotation Detector Coverage : 20 mm SUMMARY The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Batra hospital and medical research centre, New Delhi in close association with the department of ENT from July 2013 to April 2015. The aims and objectives of our study were to characterize pathologies of paranasal sinuses on MDCT, to delineate their anatomical location, extension and bony involvement and to correlate the multi detector computed tomography findings with clinical/surgical/histopathological/ microbiological findings. A total of 100 patients who came with complaints referring to nose and paranasal sinuses were included in the study. All patients were subjected to MDCT PNS after detailed clinical examination. The imaging findings are correlated with other investigations. Key imaging features considered were significant anatomical variations, site of involvement, bony and soft tissue changes, invasion of surrounding structures, pathognomic features and correlation with clinical complaints/surgical/pathological/microbiological findings. Among 100 patients in our study, there were 15 patients in 0 20 years age group, 36 patients in 21 40 years age group, 37 in 41 60 years age group and 12 were greater than 60 years. The age group of patients ranged from minimum of 9 months to maximum of 81 years. The highest number of patients were in 41 60 years age group. The study comprised of 65 males and 35 females. The number of male patients were higher than the female patients. The patients were divided into five categories: bacterial sinusitis, fungal sinusitis, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and miscellaneous. 84 patients presented with sub acute or chronic bacterial sinusitis, 4 patients were of fungal sinusitis, 4 patients presented with benign tumors, 3 patients with malignant tumors and 5 patients with other miscellaneous conditions. Various anatomical variations were encountered during our study. One or the other anatomic variation was found in 99 cases ( 99% ). Of the structures around ostiomeatal unit, giant bulla ethmoidalis was found in 35 cases, middle turbinate pneumatisation in 33 cases, paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate in 19 cases. Haller cell was found in 15 cases. Type 1 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 78 cases, type 2 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 21 cases. Deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 55 cases, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 30 cases, accessory maxillary ostia in 26 cases, and agger nasi cell in 93 cases. Type 1 optic nerve course was found in 53 cases, type 2 in 14 cases, type 3 in 9 cases, and type 4 optic nerve course along with Onodi cells in 23 cases. Type 1 anterior clinoid process pneumatisation was found in 10 cases, type 2 pneumatisation in 1 case. Sphenoid septum lateral attachment in 7 cases, and sphenoid sinus septum pneumatisation in 14 cases. Among 84 patients with bacterial sinusitis, 26 patients presented with sporadic pattern, 23 patients with infundibular pattern, 23 patients with ostiomeatal unit pattern, 8 patients with polyposis pattern, and 4 patients with sphenoid recess pattern. The various causative factors which came across in infundibular pattern were Haller cells in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, uncinate process pneumatisation in 1 case, and mucoperiosteal thickening in 10 cases. The various causative factors for ostiomeatal pattern which were found during our study were: inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 4 cases, concha bullosa in 3 cases, concha lamella in 2 cases, agger nasi cell in 1 case, and paradoxical middle turbinate in 1 case. The various findings which were encountered in bacterial sinusitis in our study were: mucoperiosteal thickening in 84 cases, ostiomeatal unit block in 31 patients, bone thickening in 20 patients, bone thinning in 8 cases, and bone sclerosis in 6 patients. Among 4 patients with fungal sinusitis, the various findings were: bilateral / multisinus involvement was found in 4 cases, expansion of any involved sinus was found in 4 cases, intrasinus hyperdensity was found in 4 cases. Bony thinning was found in 4 cases, bony erosions and nasal cavity involvement was found in 3 cases. The various findings in 4 cases of benign tumors seen ( 1 inverted papilloma, 1 juvenile angiofibroma and 2 ivory osteomas ) were: bony thinning in 2 cases, bony remodelling in 2 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 1 case, and intra orbital extension in 1 case. Bony destruction, bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Among 3 cases of malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and esthesioneuroblastoma), various findings were: : Bony destruction in 3 cases, bony thinning in 3 cases, bony remodelling in 0 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 2 cases, and intra orbital extension in 2 cases. Bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Under miscellaneous category we encountered one case each of periapical cyst, oro-antral fistula, granulomatous polyangitis, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In our study we found sensitivity and specificity for bacterial sinusitis as 100% and 94.11% respectively. The fungal sinusitis had sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 100% respectively. Benign, malignant tumors and others had sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The diagnostic accuracy for bacterial sinusitis and fungal sinusitis was 99%, and the diagnostic accuracy of benign, malignant tumors and other miscellaneous conditions was 100%. The p value was obtained after applying Fischer Exact test. The p value obtained was statistically significant for all the disease conditions. Based on the statistical values it can be inferred that multi detector computed tomography is useful to characterize paranasal sinuses lesions and also delineation of anatomical location, extension and bony involvement. There are certain limitations in our study. Our findings cannot be generalised to the whole population because of the limited sample size. However, our findings add value to the research done. The role of contrast cannot be adequately studied. The role of MRI in various paranasal sinus pathologies was not evaluated. CONCLUSION Paranasal sinus diseases are very commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Clinical assessment alone is not sufficient to reach a diagnosis, as the presentation of most of the conditions is nonspecific. Imaging forms the mainstay not only in making correct diagnosis, but also to know the extent of lesion, pre-operative assessment of the sinonasal anatomy and commonly encountered anatomic variations. X ray has low sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. CT is highly sensitive and specific in determining the presence of paranasal sinus pathology and clearly demonstrates the complex anatomy. The introduction of multi detector CT has transformed the axial imaging modality into a volumetric one and allows the pathology to be displayed in any desired plane. The capability of thin-section acquisition improves visualisation of tiny pathological details, and the isotropic nature of high spatial resolution data sets enables display in multiple planes, obviating image acquisition in prone or hyper extended patient position. Recommendations: 1. MDCT has proved to be highly sensitive in classifying the lesions into clinically relevant categories, making diagnosis and more so in knowing the extent of involvement with a high diagnostic accuracy. 2. MDCT is an indispensible tool before Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) to accurately delineate the fine bony details that contribute to disease and also can predispose to complications which can be fatal. 3. MDCT is very useful in predicting the diagnosis of fungal sinusitis by the presence of intrasinus hyperdensity, granulomatous diseases by the presence of nasal septal perforation and intracranial or intraorbital invasion, malignancy by bone destruction and invasion. 4. MDCT can tailor the surgery according to the extent of disease. It helps in determining the prognosis of the malignant tumors depending on the site and extent of the disease. It can also obviate the need for surgery in certain conditions like polyposis. 5. MRI can be problem solving tool in differentiating inflammatory sinonasal diseases from tumors, and also for the presence of intracranial or intraorbital extension. 6. However, MRI alone cannot be performed in the evaluation of paranasal sinus diseases because of the problem of signal voids. It has to be supplemented by CT. 7. MDCT is the preferred initial modality of all imaging studies available because of its ease, availability, accuracy, precision and low cost. 1

Maria Isabella Boyd aka Belle Boyd Essay -- biographies bio biography

Have you ever dreamt of living an adventurous life? Well for me that was reality. I was a spy and actress, mercilessly charming Union officers into giving me information. Dubbed 'La Belle Rebelle' by a French war correspondent, I went by the name Belle Boyd instead of my original name, Maria Isabella Boyd. I have gone in and out of jail, marriages, and careers (three of each). Throughout the whole ordeal though, I have been constant in my loyalty to the Confederacy. Born on May 4, 1843, I was raised just like any other southern lady. My father was a merchant, and I grew up in Martinsburg, West Virginia with my parents, several brothers, one sister, and grandmother. I attended Mount Washington Female College of Baltimore from age 12 to 16. Ever since I can remember I?ve been getting into all sorts of trouble. Once when I was 10, I rode my pony into the hallway of my house causing havoc. I was known to be a fun-loving debutante. People described my voice as low and charming and my figure flawless. It was odd how I was considered either extremely beautiful or completely plain because ...

And Sun Also Rises Essay

This paper discusses Ernest Hemingway’s novel And Sun Also Rises (1926) and takes an in-depth analysis of the development of the female character Lady Brett Ashley in trying to come up with better understanding of the character’s role in the novel. Hemingway’s And Sun Also Rises is widely regarded as Hemingway’s best novel. It became the overnight Bible of the postwar generation. (Barrett, 724) The novel revolves the theme of damage done to Hemingway’s generation by the violence of World War I. All the main characters of the novel are to certain extent scarred by war. Some of them suffer physical injuries like Jake or Count Mippipopolous and others bear the psychological trauma of â€Å"lost generation† (the phrase belonged to Hemingway’s friend Gertrude Stein and became the novel’s first epigraph). Among those psychologically deteriorated individuals Lady Brett Ashley is a controversial character that evokes different readers’ and critics’ reaction. This paper explores the path by which Lady Ashley’s character develops through the novel. With the first meeting with Brett Ashley her individual female sexual appeal and exceptional general attractiveness is revealed. From the beginning of the book, men find her irresistible. When Jake, as narrator, first introduces Brett, he says, â€Å"Brett was damned good-looking. She wore a slipover jersey sweater and a tweed skirt, and her hair was brushed back like a boy’s. She started all that. She was built with curves like the hull of a racing yacht, and you missed none of it with that wool jersey† (Hemingway, 22). Robert Cohn, too, is immediately captivated by Brett, and a short time later, he says, â€Å"She’s a remarkably attractive woman† (Hemingway, 38). She is a strong and independent woman and probably these are the features that attract men more than her physical beauty. Her real tool is her charisma that strikes the men around her. Every significant male character in the novel, at one time or another, comments on Brett’s female attractiveness. When he is introduced to Brett, Bill Gorton says, â€Å"Beautiful lady† (Hemingway, 74); Mike Campbell says, â€Å"Brett, you are a lovely piece. Don’t you think she’s beautiful? † (Hemingway, 79) These compliments are like a refrain that is reiterated through the rest of the novel. Despite the abounding attention on men’s side Brett rejects to become committed to a single man, at least physically. Neither the affluence of attention nor her independence makes Brett a happy woman. Having first appeared as a careless free woman Brett Ashley turns out to be an unhappy and miserable creature just the same as all those who lived through the war. Brett is often described in the literary criticism as sexually promiscuous, or even a nymphomaniac, which seems extreme given that in the course of the story she has sexual relationships with, at most, three men – her fiancee, Mike Campbell; Robert Cohn; and Pedro Romero. Some critics, like Edmund Wilson, assess Brett’s conduct as â€Å"bitch-like†; Wilson interprets Brett Ashley as â€Å"an exclusively destructive force† (p. 238). This interpretation, plausibly, is directly related rely to Brett’s own assertion that she makes to Jake after she leaves Romero: â€Å"You know it makes one feel rather good deciding not to be a bitch† (Hemingway, 245). Nonetheless it is difficult to agree with such interpretation of Brett’s character. First of all it is known that she is one of the â€Å"lost generation†, the people whose youth fell on the post-war period when the relationships and responsibilities were loose and disordered, and so Brett’s behavior merely reflects this time. Furthermore, though Brett never stayed with any man longer than she wanted, she never displayed cruelty in attitude toward men, so she could not destruct them to any degree. And the most important thing which explains Brett’s character is again related to the time of the novel. Brett Ashley belongs to those people whose thoughts are confused being affected by the war. So while looking for her way in life she fails in finding the lull for her psychological disturbances therefore continues her self-abusive conduct. Brett can be profoundly careless of the feelings of others. She scatters cigarette ashes on Jake’s rugs, and when Romero gives her a bull’s severed ear after a successful bullfight, she leaves the gift behind, stuffed in a hotel drawer. Cohn calls her a sadist when she is unmoved by the plight of the horses gored in the bullring. Certainly she uses Jake heartlessly at times, expecting him to introduce her to a man she desires, put up with her affairs, remain steadfast in his devotion to her, and faithfully run to her rescue on short notice when she finds herself at loose ends in another country. Yet she is also deeply unhappy and emotionally fragile. Viewed more sympathetically, she can be seen as a self-destructive woman, traumatized by the ugly and unromantic loss of her first love to dysentery in the war: â€Å"Brett hurts no one in the novel as severely as she hurts herself. Her nymphomania, her alcoholism, her constant fits of depression, and her obsession with bathing are all symptoms of an individual engaged in a consistent pattern of self-abuse† (Whitlow, 56). All in her misery she often complains to Jake, her only true friend, about her aimless existence and unsatisfying life. Her vagrancy from relationship to relationship is assimilated with Jake and company roaming around bars. As the novel unfolds one observes how Lady Ashley transforms from the self-confident independent woman into one who seems extremely awkward being by herself. That is why she is searching for the shelter in more or less stable though platonic relations with Jake. As with the other characters, World War I obviously played the determinative role in the formation Brett Ashley’s character. Having lost her true love during the war she elaborated the pattern of random relations, especially with regard to men. Her skepticism and lost faith in search for true love symbolizes the search of the whole lost generation for their decayed values. Unable to find support in the traditional convictions that imposed certain meaning to her life Brett feels morally lost. Having lost belief in anything Brett together with her friends is trying to escape the reality and fill her empty life with careless wandering from bar to bar, living night life, drinking and entertaining, doing everything that fits into the notion escapist activity. The character of Lady Brett Ashley is developing through the novel from the initial impression of careless but happy woman into the typical representative of post-war generation with aimless way in life. Parties, free love and other kinds of merry-making are only the futile distraction for concealing the sorrow and insecurity that filled her soul.